A Programmable Dual‐Regime Spray for Large‐Scale and Custom‐Designed Electronic Textiles

Abstract

Increasing demand for wearable healthcare synergistically advances the field of electronic textiles, or e‐textiles, allowing for ambulatory monitoring of vital health signals. Despite great promise, the pragmatic deployment of e‐textiles in clinical practice remains challenged due to the lack of a method in producing custom‐designed e‐textiles at high spatial resolution across a large area. To this end, a programmable dual‐regime spray that enables the direct custom writing of functional nanoparticles into arbitrary fabrics at sub‐millimeter resolution over meter scale is employed. The resulting e‐textiles retain the intrinsic fabric properties in terms of mechanical flexibility, water‐vapor permeability, and comfort against multiple uses and laundry cycles. The e‐textiles tightly fit various body sizes and shapes to support the high‐fidelity recording of physiological and electrophysiological signals on the skin under ambulatory conditions. Pilot field tests in a remote health‐monitoring setting with a large animal, such as a horse, demonstrate the scalability and utility of the e‐textiles beyond conventional devices. This approach will be suitable for the rapid prototyping of custom e‐textiles tailored to meet various clinical needs.

Air-permeable and flexible multifunctional cellulose-based textiles for bio-protection, thermal heating conversion, and electromagnetic interference shielding

“…[17][18][19] Commercially available polymeric or biobased textiles are regarded as appropriate substrates for the design and scalable manufacture of cost-effective electronic textiles due to their inherent light weight, exibility, comfort, and permeability. 20,21 However, combining novel functionality with the inherent comfort, permeability, and porous qualities of textile substrates still remains a challenge.…”

Elastic Fibers/Fabrics for Wearables and Bioelectronics

“…[ 134 ] As shown in Figure 4d , silver nitrate (AgNO 3 ) nanoparticles seamlessly penetrated the fabric through atomized droplets under the action of two airflow modules at high and low speeds, allowing precise customization of the electrode pattern and fabric design while retaining the fabric's inherent comfort, breathability, and mechanical compliance. [ 135 ] The produced e‐textiles were evaluated for monitoring horses’ dynamic activity and physiological health indications, confirming the viability and universality of this process enhancement. This dual regime spraying effectively improves the applicability of inkjet printing to adapt complex textile substrates.…”

“…Reproduced with permission. [ 135 ] Copyright 2022, Wiley‐VCH. e) 3D printed coaxial CNTs‐SF fibers on textiles for facile construction of e‐textile.…”

Enhanced Performance of Triboelectric Nanogenerators and Sensors via Cold Spray Particle Deposition

“…The peeling test (i.e., a method to measure the adhesion force between the coated tin powder layer and the substrate) was conducted to characterize the adhesion strength of the resulting CS coatings. The peeling test was applied while fixing the specimen on a table and repeatedly attaching and peeling 3M scotch tape . The relative resistance ( R \ R o ) change was then recorded for each peeling test to plot the results in Figure .…”

“…The peeling test was applied while fixing the specimen on a table and repeatedly attaching and peeling 3M scotch tape. 59 The relative resistance (R\R o ) change was then recorded for each peeling test to plot the results in Figure 6.…”