A profile of diabetes in Pacific Island Countries and Territories

Tin, Si Thu Win; Lee, Crystal; Colagiuri, Ruth

doi:10.1016/j.diabres.2014.10.010

Cited by 35 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Over the past three decades, non-communicable disease (NCD) surveys have been conducted in Samoa, each with somewhat different methods and definitions of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity, which has prevented accurate estimations of period trends [4]. In the 2002 World Health Organization (WHO) STEPS survey, Type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence was estimated as 21.5% and obesity prevalence 54.8% [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in diabetes and obesity in Samoa over 35 years, 1978–2013

Lin

Naseri²,

Linhart

et al. 2016

Diabet. Med.

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Aims Population surveys of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity conducted in Samoa over three decades have used varying methodologies and definitions. This study standardizes measures, and trends of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity for 1978-2013 are projected to 2020 for adults aged 25-64 years.Methods Unit records from eight surveys (n = 12 516) were adjusted to the previous census for Division of residence, sex and age to improve national representativeness. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is defined as a fasting plasma glucose ≥ 7.0 mmol/l and/or on medication. Obesity is defined as BMI ≥ 30 kg/m 2 . Random effects meta-regression was employed to assess time trends following logit transformation. Poisson regression from strata was used to assess the effects of mean BMI changes on Type 2 diabetes mellitus period trends.Results Over 1978-2013, Type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence increased from 1.2% to 19.6% in men (2.3% per 5 years), and from 2.2% to 19.5% in women (2.2% per 5 years). Obesity prevalence increased from 27.7% to 53.1% in men (3.6% per 5 years) and from 44.4% to 76.7% (4.5% per 5 years) in women. Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity prevalences increased in all age groups. From period trends, Type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence in 2020 is projected to be 26% in men and women. Projected obesity prevalence is projected to be 59% in men and 81% in women. Type 2 diabetes mellitus period trends attributable to BMI increase are estimated as 31% (men) and 16% (women), after adjusting for age.Conclusion This is the first study to produce trends of Type 2 diabetes mellitus and obesity in Samoa based on standardized data from population surveys. Type 2 diabetes mellitus is equally prevalent in both sexes, and obesity is widespread. Type 2 diabetes mellitus prevalence in Samoa is likely to continue to increase in the near future.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in diabetes and obesity in Samoa over 35 years, 1978–2013

Lin

Naseri²,

Linhart

et al. 2016

Diabet. Med.

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“…10,11 Women are at greater risk than men with the same level of obesity. 11 A recent systematic review of T2DM in Pacific Island countries and territories 12 reported difficulties in accurately monitoring T2DM trends over time, in large part due to the varying methodology, diagnostic criteria, and sample sizes used that make prevalence data incomparable. In Fiji, multiple cross-sectional surveys relevant to T2DM have been conducted over three decades, but differing survey methods and definitions of T2DM and obesity used have precluded estimation of accurate period trends using all available data.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diabetes and obesity trends in Fiji over 30 years

Lin

Tukana²,

Linhart

et al. 2015

Journal of Diabetes

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Background: No systematic comparison has been conducted in Fiji using all suitable surveys of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and obesity prevalence after standardizing methodology and definitions. Methods: Unit records from six surveys of Fiji adults were variously adjusted for age, ethnicity (Fiji Melanesians, i-Taukei, and Fijians of Asian Indian descent [Indians]) and urban-rural by sex to previous censuses. Trends were assessed using meta-regression (random effect models) and estimates projected to 2020. Poisson regression of strata was used to assess the effect of body mass index (BMI) increases on T2DM period trends. Results: Over 1980-2011, T2DM prevalence increased in i-Taukei men (3.2% to 11.1%; 1.32%/5 years) and women (5.3% to 13.6%; 1.40%/5 years) and Indian men (11.1% to 17.9%; 1.24%/5 years) and women (11.2% to 19.9%; 1.71%/5 years). Projected T2DM prevalence in 2020 is 13.3% and 16.7% in i-Taukei men and women, and 23.4% and 24.1% in Indian men and women, respectively. Obesity prevalence increased in i-Taukei men (12.6% to 28.9%; 2.99%/5 years) and women (30.1% to 52.9%; 3.84%/5 years) and in Indian men (2.8% to 9.4%; 1.21%/5 years) and women (13.2% to 26.6%; 2.61%/ 5 years). Projected obesity prevalence in 2020 is 34.0% and 60.0% in i-Taukei and women, and 11.4% and 31.0% in Indian men and women, respectively. After age-adjustment, an estimated 27%, 25%, 16% and 18% of the T2DM period trend is attributable to BMI in i-Taukei men and women and Indian men and women, respectively. Conclusions: Prevalence of T2DM in Fiji is projected to continue increasing, driven by rising obesity, with consequences for premature mortality and life expectancy.

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“…2,3 This high prevalence rate is caused by high rates of obesity arising from changes in lifestyle factors due to urbanisation. 4,5 Diabetes mellitus is the number one cause of disease-specific mortality, premature deaths and most disability from 2005-16. 6 The Fiji Non-Communicable Disease (NCD) Steps Survey 2002 found that 32.2% of people aged 25-64 years who were previously diagnosed with diabetes and are taking medication for the condition have poor blood sugar control.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%