A Procedural Guide to Cognitive Task Analysis: The PARI Methodology.

Hall, Ellen P.; Gott, Sherrie P.; Pokorny, Robert

doi:10.21236/ada303654

Cited by 46 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…The PARI technique (Hall, Gott, & Pokomy, 1995) is a specialized interview technique that combines the technique of thinking aloud described by Ericsson and Simon (1993) with expert and novice problem solving activity (Gott, 1998). The Precursor, Action, Results, Interpretation (PARI) procedure utilizes a "situated problem-solving session" where experts demonstrate their knowledge based on a specific problem or context while being probed through structured questioning to elicit knowledge and expert skills.…”

Section: Precursor Action Results Interpretation (Pari)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Concept development for future domains: A new method of knowledge elicitation

Shadrick¹,

Lussier²,

Hinkle³

2005

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Section: Precursor Action Results Interpretation (Pari)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Concept development for future domains: A new method of knowledge elicitation

Shadrick¹,

Lussier²,

Hinkle³

2005

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“…Discussions of these methods in the published literature emphasize the importance-and difficulty-of identifying true experts who are able to effectively articulate the knowledge requirements and solution strategies associated with task performance, (cf., Hall, Gott & Pokomy, 1995;Hoffman, Shadbolt, Burton & Klein, 1995;Crandall, Klein, Militello & Wolf, 1994) As noted by RSG-27, the more effective methods of cognitive task analysis organize subsequent interviews and data collection around a knowledge representation framework that is appropriate for the specific task. Here, a variety of approaches can be employed, including the use of annotated goal-method graphs (DuBois & Shalin, 1995), precept-action-result-interpretation structures (Hall, Gott & Pokorny, 1995), mental models of tasks and their context (Crandall, Klein, Militelo & Wolf, 1994), procedural and conceptual knowledge ontologies (Benysh, Koubek & Calvez), and declarative and procedural knowledge ontologies (Williams, Hultman & Graesser, 1998). In addition to the methods employed during the preliminary phase, more formal methods of knowledge elicitation described in the literature include structured interviews, controlled observation of task performance, verbal protocol analysis (thinking out loud), withholding specific information to assess its impact, formal decomposition of critical incidents, and psychological scaling that employs multivariate statistical analysis of pair-wise comparisons.…”

Section: A Plethora Of Methods For Conducting Cognitive Task Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

The Analytic Representation of Sensemaking and Knowledge Management within a Military C2 Organization

Leedom¹

2004

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Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. 12a. DISTRIBUTION AVAILABILITY STATEMENTApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words/A review of current research from the fields of organizational psychology, management science, cognitive work analysis, and social network analysis provides a number of useful paradigms and constructs for explicitly representing the processes of sensemaking and knowledge management within military Command and Control (C2) organizations Tins report summarizes those findings in the form of a proposed modeling framework for explicitly representing the process h\ which battlespace information is combined with appropriate staff expertise to generate actionable knowledge for the commander. The proposed model provides a theoretical framework for addressing the cognitive, social, organizational, doctrinal, and operational aspects of sensemaking and knowledge management. The utility of this framework is then illustrated by a case study that examines effects-based targeting operations during recent military operations in Afghanistan and Iraq.

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“…Using the criteria of Hall et al (8), the effort began with the identification of expert technicians. The current study recruited F-15 instructors for initial data collection.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the late 1980s, several methods have been developed for eliciting the knowledge associated with expert decision-making (8,9,12). The purpose of these methods is to identify the cognitive aspects associated with performing tasks at an expert level.…”

Section: Applied Cognitive Task Analysis In Determining Requirements mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Preliminary recommendation for the electronic display of graphical aircraft maintenance information

Quill¹,

Kancler²,

Pohle³

et al. 1999

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REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE Form Approved OMB No. 0704-0188Public reporting burden for this collection of informetion ie eetimeted to «verege 1 hour per reeponae, including the time for reviewing instruction«, searching existing d«U source«. Bothering and maintaining the date needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of informetion. AGENCY USE ONLY (Leave blank)2. REPORT DATE February 1999 REPORT TYPE AND DATES COVERED Interim -November 1995 to February 1999 TITLE AND SUBTITLE Preliminary Recommendations for the Electronic Display of Graphical Aircraft Maintenance Information AUTHOR(S)Laurie L. Quill, David E. Kancler, Patrick Pohle, Barbara L. Masquelier PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES)University Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited. 12b. DISTRIBUTION CODE ABSTRACT (Maximum 200 words)The conversion of paper schematic diagrams to electronic display presentations requires identification and analysis of associated cognitive demands. Schematic diagrams are typically used by expert maintainers in troubleshooting aircraft faults, These expert maintainers must rely on skill, rule, and knowledge-based behavior to successfully use these diagrams. In this task, the Applied Cognitive Task Analysis (ACTA) method was employed to elicit knowledge associated with using schematic diagrams for troubleshooting. Eleven F-15 maintenance technicians were interviewed. Results showed that schematic diagrams not only support the basic abilities required for troubleshooting; they also allow for visualization of the dynamic flow of system relations and process activities on the aircraft. The ACTA method identified the cues and strategies used to mentally depict system flow. Efforts to convert schematic diagrams to electronic display presentations should support the basic troubleshooting abilities, as well as the cues and strategies that depict dynamic system flow.

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A Procedural Guide to Cognitive Task Analysis: The PARI Methodology.

Cited by 46 publications

References 0 publications

Concept development for future domains: A new method of knowledge elicitation

Concept development for future domains: A new method of knowledge elicitation

The Analytic Representation of Sensemaking and Knowledge Management within a Military C2 Organization

Preliminary recommendation for the electronic display of graphical aircraft maintenance information

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