Designing and developing effective information visualizations requires a systematic approach. This Practitioner Paper identifies how innovative information visualizations can be integrated into standard systems development processes.While information visualizations already exist for the design of user interfaces, new methods frequently offer further improvement in information displays. Designers should consider incorporating these advancements wherever possible.The Systems Development Process provides the structure necessary to integrate new information visualizations throughout the design process. This paper describes specific examples whereby innovative information visualization methods were integrated into a USAF R&D design effort during several phases of its development.Information visualization methods include use of micro/macro salience displays, visual language, and axiomatic designs. This approach not only improved the quality of the user displays through advancing information visualization techniques, it also minimized design modifications through use of the system development processes.
This study investigates the effects of ocular dominance when maintenance procedures are presented on a monocular, occluding head-mounted display (HMD). While previous research has not revealed significant effects associated with ocular dominance and the use of a monocular, occluding HMD, most of this research has occurred in the cockpit environment. By nature, this setting involves continually changing (or dynamic) environmental information, such as target location or altitude. By contrast, the aircraft maintenance environment is static; the technician is not required to process dynamic environmental information. As the Air Force studies the feasibility of presenting maintenance procedures on HMDs, research efforts must thoroughly address questions pertaining to the use of these devices, such as potential effects of ocular dominance. The current study addresses the effect of ocular dominance on performance times, subjective workload ratings, self reports, and preference rankings. Consistent with previous research, ocular dominance did not have a significant effect on any of the dependent measures. However, order of presentation (dominant eye before non-dominant eye vs. dominant eye after non-dominant eye) did provide some differences in performance times and workload scores. Explanations for these differences are discussed.
Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of tttis collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, to Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate Past research on wearable computers for maintenance applications has focused on developing displays and presentation formats. This study emphasized wearable computer control technologies. Alternative control technologies were compared with standard and voice controls. Twelve subjects performed a synthetic maintenance task using three control device combinations for three different types of input. Time and error data were collected. The results show that for pointer movement, standard controls took significantly longer than voice. For discrete input, standard controls required significantly more time than voice and alternative controls. However, there were no significant time differences among controllers for text entry fill-in. Error results showed no significant differences. This research suggests that alternative and voice controls provide similar performance levels and both are superior to standard controls. In environments with changing noise spectra and noise levels such as a flight line, the alternative control suite provides hands-free control that complements voice without sacrificing performance. Past research on wearable computers for maintenance applications has focused on developing displays and presentation formats. This study emphasized wearable computer control technologies. Alternative control technologies were compared with standard and voice controls. Twelve subjects performed a synthetic maintenance task using three control device combinations for three different types of input. Time and error data were collected. The results show that for pointer movement, standard controls took significantly longer than voice. For discrete input, standard controls required significantly more time than voice and alternative controls. However, there were no significant time differences among controllers for text entry fill-in. Error results showed no significant differences. This research suggests that alternative and voice controls provide similar performance levels and both are superior to standard controls. In environments with changing noise spectra and noise levels such as a flight line, the alternative control suite provides hands-free control that complements voice without sacrificing performance. SUBJECT TERMS
With the advancement oftechnology and the information explosion, integration of the two into performance aiding systems can have a significant impact on operational and maintenance environments. The Department of Defense and commercial industry have made great strides in digitizing and automating technical manuals and data to be presented on performance aiding systems. These performance aides are computerized interactive systems that provide procedures on how to operate and maintain fielded systems. The idea is to provide the end-user a system which is compatible with their work environment.The purpose of this paper is to show, historically, the progression of wearable computer aiding systems for maintenance environments, and then highlight the work accomplished in the design and development of glasses-mounted displays (GMD). The paper reviews work performed over the last seven years, then highlights, through review of a usability study, the advances made with GMDs. The use of portable computing systems, such as laptop and notebook computers, does not necessarily increase the accessibility ofthe displayed information while accomplishing a given task in a hands-busy, mobile work environment. The use of a GMD increases accessibility of the information by placing it in eye sight ofthe user without obstructing the surrounding environment. Although the potential utility for this type of display is great, hardware and human integration must be refined. Results from the Usability study show the usefulness and usability ofthe GMD in a mobile, hands-free environment.
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