“…Much research in physics education has focused on the cognitive factors in developing effective pedagogical tools and assessment. For example, in physics and other related disciplines, tutorials (Chang, 2001;Singh et al, 2006;Wagner et al, 2006;Singh, 2008b;Zhu and Singh, 2011,b, 2013Brown and Singh, 2015;DeVore and Singh, 2015;Sayer et al, 2015;Singh and Marshman, 2015;DeVore et al, 2016a,b;Singh, 2016, 2017a,b,c), peer instruction (clicker questions with peer discussion) (Mazur, 1997), collaborative group problem solving with context-rich physics problems (Heller and Hollabaugh, 1992), POGIL (process-oriented guided-inquiry learning) activities (Farrell et al, 1999), etc. have been found effective in helping students learn (Shaffer and McDermott, 1992;Singh, 2009;Yerushalmi et al, 2012a,b;Stewart et al, 2016;Wood et al, 2016).…”