A Primer on the Factories of the Future

Abstract

In a dynamic and rapidly changing world, customers’ often conflicting demands have continued to evolve, outstripping the ability of the traditional factory to address modern-day production challenges. To fix these challenges, several manufacturing paradigms have been proposed. Some of these have monikers such as the smart factory, intelligent factory, digital factory, and cloud-based factory. Due to a lack of consensus on general nomenclature, the term Factory of the Future (or Future Factory) has been used in this paper as a collective euphemism for these paradigms. The Factory of the Future constitutes a creative convergence of multiple technologies, techniques, and capabilities that represent a significant change in current production capabilities, models, and practices. Using the semi-narrative research methodology in concert with the snowballing approach, the authors reviewed the open literature to understand the organizing principles behind the most common smart manufacturing paradigms with a view to developing a creative reference that articulates their shared characteristics and features under a collective lingua franca, viz., Factory of the Future. Serving as a review article and a reference monograph, the paper details the meanings, characteristics, technological framework, and applications of the modern factory and its various connotations. Amongst other objectives, it characterizes the next-generation factory and provides an overview of reference architectures/models that guide their structured development and deployment. Three advanced communication technologies capable of advancing the goals of the Factory of the Future and rapidly scaling advancements in the field are discussed. It was established that next-generation factories would be data rich environments. The realization of their ultimate value would depend on the ability of stakeholders to develop the appropriate infrastructure to extract, store, and process data to support decision making and process optimization.

AI-Based Support System for Monitoring the Quality of a Product within Industry 4.0 Paradigm

“…Generally, the above approach is another step towards the Factory of the Future [ 24 ], where complex and even conflicting customer requirements exceed the capabilities of traditional factories. The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) is making it possible to address the challenges of remote monitoring, intelligent analytics, and control of industrial processes in a mass production environment of 3D-printed individualized products [ 25 ].…”

A Knowledge Graph Approach for State-of-the-Art Implementation of Industrial Factory Movement Tracking System

“…In the context of Industry 4.0, reference architectures can provide the overall structure for systems and support the selection and integration of their hardware and software components. Multiple literature sources have reviewed the existing reference architectures [5][6][7]. The common reference architectures highlighted are: IIRA (Industrial Internet Reference Architecture), RAMI 4.0 (Reference Architectural Model Industrie 4.0), SITAM (Stuttgart IT-Architecture for Manufacturing), LASFA (LAsim Smart FActory), NIST Smart Manufacturing architecture, and IBM Industry 4.0.…”

Industrial Shared Wireless Communication Systems—Use Case of Autonomous Guided Vehicles with Collaborative Robot

“…Profinet is one of the most common protocols that are used in Ethernet-based networks (According to: (accessed on 28 August 2022)) [ 23 ]. Communication in Profinet is performed according to the consumer-provider communication principle.…”