A primer for ICD-10-CM users: Psychological and behavioral conditions.

DSM-5, ICD-10, ICD-11, the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual, and Person-Centered Integrative Diagnosis: An Overview for College Mental Health Therapists

“…Finally, in line with research that did not support distinctions in schizophrenia, this category was simplified. Many of these changes are aligned with proposed changes in ICD-11 (Goodheart, 2013).…”

“…While major and continual efforts have been made to revise diagnostic systems, the ideal system-one that is highly reliable, valid, and useful in ordinary clinical settings including primary care-has not yet been fully achieved (Goodheart, 2013). Part of the reason is that there are different purposes for diagnosis, for example, research versus treatment.…”

“…One recent study reported a kappa value for major depressive disorder of 0.32 for DSM-5 as compared to 0.59 in DSM-IV and 0.80 in DSM-III. Another study on generalized anxiety disorder reported kappa values of 0.20 for DSM-5, 0.65 on DSM-IV, and 0.72 on DSM-III (Goodheart, 2013). The lowered interjudge reliabilities, as indicated by the kappa coefficients, may be due differences in the greater variability and comorbidity common in clinical settings but not under controlled research conditions.…”

“…As with DSM-5, use of Web-based surveys to determine clinical utility is also underway. High interrater reliabilities with coefficients above .9 are being consistently found in cross-national studies of different categories (Goodheart, 2013). Reed (2010) concludes: "Such a system will help to align psychological practice with both science and the public health agenda, and provide a part of the foundation for an integrated model of psychological practice in the future" (p. 463).…”

“…The authors of DSM-5 had the daunting task of relating to ICD-9, ICD-10, and ICD-11 (Goodheart, 2013), and sometimes did not succeed. As one example, ICD-11 includes a new combined depression-anxiety disorder; no such disorder exists in DSM 5, requiring the clinician to assign a diagnosis of either depression or anxiety with a qualifier to indicate the presence of the other mood.…”