A pretectal projection upon the accessory optic nucleus in the pigeon: An anatomical and electrophysiological study

Azevedo, Thais Angela Cavalheiro; Cukiert, Arthur; Britto, Luiz Roberto Giorgetti de

doi:10.1016/0304-3940(83)90121-0

Cited by 23 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Like nBOR, LM neurons exhibit direction-selectivity to large field stimuli moving in the contralateral visual field~Winterson & Brauth, 1985;Wylie & Frost, 1996;Wylie & Crowder, 2000! and are involved in the generation of the OKR~for review see McKenna & Wallman, 1981Simpson et al, 1988a!. LM has many of the same efferent projections as nBOR, including the VbC, IO, dorsal thalamus, nBOR, and the midline-mesencephaloñ Clarke, 1977;Azevedo et al, 1983;Gamlin & Cohen, 1988;Wild, 1989!. LM also consists of morphologically distinct cell types Zayats et al, 2003!…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projections of the nucleus of the basal optic root in pigeons (Columba livia): A comparison of the morphology and distribution of neurons with different efferent projections

Wylie

Pakan²,

Elliott

et al. 2007

Vis Neurosci

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The avian nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR) is a visual structure involved in the optokinetic response. nBOR consists of several morphologically distinct cell types, and in the present study, we sought to determine if these different cell types had differential projections. Using retrograde tracers, we examined the morphology and distribution of nBOR neurons projecting to the vestibulocerebellum (VbC), inferior olive (IO), dorsal thalamus, the pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (LM), the contralateral nBOR, the oculomotor complex (OMC) and a group of structures along the midline of the mesencephalon. The retrogradely labeled neurons fell into two broad categories: large neurons, most of which were multipolar rather than fusiform and small neurons, which were either fusiform or multipolar. From injections into the IO, LM, contralateral nBOR, and structures along the midline-mesencephalon small nBOR neurons were labeled. Although there were no differences with respect to the size of the labeled neurons from these injections, there were some differences with the respect to the distribution of labeled neurons and the proportion of multipolar vs. fusiform neurons. From injections into the VbC, the large multipolar cells were labeled throughout nBOR. The only other cases in which these large neurons were labeled were contralateral OMC injections. To investigate if single neurons project to multiple targets we used paired injections of red and green fluorescent retrograde tracers into different targets. Double-labeled neurons were never observed indicating that nBOR neurons do not project to multiple targets. We conclude that individual nBOR neurons have unique projections, which may have differential roles in processing optic flow and controlling the optokinetic response.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projections of the nucleus of the basal optic root in pigeons (Columba livia): A comparison of the morphology and distribution of neurons with different efferent projections

Wylie

Pakan²,

Elliott

et al. 2007

Vis Neurosci

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“…From the injections into nBOR and VTA/SCE, we observed small neurons primarily in LMl. The projection from the LM to nBOR was first described by Azevedo et al (1983), but soma size was not reported. Compared to the dorsal thalamic‐projecting neurons, relatively more of the nBOR‐ and VTA/SCE‐projecting neurons were fusiform.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Projections of the nucleus lentiformis mesencephali in pigeons (Columba livia): A comparison of the morphology and distribution of neurons with different efferent projections

et al. 2006

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The avian nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (LM) is a visual structure involved in the optokinetic response. The LM consists of several morphologically distinct cell types. In the present study we sought to determine if different cell types had differential projections. Using retrograde tracers, we examined the morphology and distribution of LM neurons projecting to the vestibulocerebellum (VbC), inferior olive (IO), dorsal thalamus, nucleus of the basal optic root (nBOR), and midline mesencephalon. From injections into the latter two structures, small LM cells were labeled. More were localized to the lateral LM as opposed to medial LM. From injections into the dorsal thalamus, small neurons were found throughout LM. From injections into the VbC, large multipolar cells were found throughout LM. From injections into IO, a strip of medium-sized fusiform neurons along the border of the medial and lateral subnuclei was labeled. To investigate if neurons project to multiple targets we used fluorescent retrograde tracers. After injections into IO and VbC, double-labeled neurons were not observed in LM. Likewise, after injections into nBOR and IO, double-labeled neurons were not observed. Finally, we processed sections through LM for glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD). Small neurons, mostly in the lateral LM, were labeled, suggesting that projections from LM to nBOR and midline mesencephalon are GABAergic. We conclude that two efferents of LM, VbC and IO, receive input from morphologically distinct neurons: large multipolar and medium-sized fusiform neurons, respectively. The dorsal thalamus, nBOR, and midline mesencephalon receive input from small neurons, some of which are likely GABAergic.

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“…The pretectal nucleus lentiformis mesencephali (the nonmammalian equivalent of the mammalian NOT) and the NOT provide extensive input to the nBOR nuclei in pigeon (Brecha et al, 1980;Azevedo et al, 1983) and variously to the MTN, LTN, DTN, inSFp and inSFm of opossum (Vargas et al, 1997), rodents and lagomorphs (Terasawa et al, 1979;Holstege and Collewijn, 1982;Blanks et al, 1982;Giolli et al, 1984Giolli et al, , 1985aGiolli et al, , 1988aGiolli et al, ,b, 1992van der Togt et al, 1991van der Togt et al, , 1993, carnivores (cat: Berson and Graybiel, 1980), Tupaia (Weber and Harting, 1980) and primates (macaque monkey: Carpenter and Pierson, 1973;Baleydier et al, 1990;marmoset: Blanks et al, 1995). AOS-AOS, Golgi type II interconnections form a prominent network in mammals (Carpenter and Pierson, 1973;Itoh, 1977;Terasawa et al, 1979;Berson and Graybiel, 1980;Holstege and Collewijn, 1982;Blanks et al, 1982;Giolli et al, 1984Giolli et al, , 1985aGiolli et al, , 1988bvan der Togt et al, 1991van der Togt et al, , 1993, and it is reported that most (Giolli et al, 1992) or all (van der Togt, 1991) of these internuclear neurons are GABAergic, that some of these GABA neurons are CGRP-immunoreactive (Zhou et al, 1999), and that a percentage of these GABAergic neurons are GABA/CGRP neurons making synapses with the somata, dendritic shafts and spines of nonGABA/nonCGRP neurons via symmetric synapses (Zhou et al, 1999).…”

Section: Aos/not Nuclear Interconnections and Other Afferents (Fig 2)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The accessory optic system: basic organization with an update on connectivity, neurochemistry, and function

Giolli

Blanks

Lui

2006

Progress in Brain Research

140

122

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The accessory optic system (AOS) is formed by a series of terminal nuclei receiving direct visual information from the retina via one or more accessory optic tracts. In addition to the retinal input, derived from ganglion cells that characteristically have large receptive fields, are direction-selective, and have a preference for slow moving stimuli, there are now well-characterized afferent connections with a key pretectal nucleus (nucleus of the optic tract) and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus. The efferent connections of the AOS are robust, targeting brainstem and other structures in support of visual-oculomotor events such as optokinetic nystagmus and visual-vestibular interaction. This chapter reviews the newer experimental findings while including older data concerning the structural and functional organization of the AOS. We then consider the ontogeny and phylogeny of the AOS and include a discussion of similarities and differences in the anatomical organization of the AOS in nonmammalian and mammalian species. This is followed by sections dealing with retinal and cerebral cortical afferents to the AOS nuclei, interneuronal connections of AOS neurons, and the efferents of the AOS nuclei. We conclude with a section on Functional Considerations dealing with the issues of the response properties of AOS neurons, lesion and metabolic studies, and the AOS and spatial cognition. The accessory optic system (AOS) is formed by a series of terminal nuclei receiving direct visual information from the retina via one or more accessory optic tracts. In addition to the retinal input, derived from ganglion cells that characteristically have large receptive fields, are direction-selective and have a preference for slow moving stimuli, there are now well characterized afferent connections with a key pretectal nucleus (nucleus of the optic tract) and the ventral lateral geniculate nucleus. The efferent connections of the AOS are robust, targeting brainstem and other structures in support of visual-oculomotor events such as optokinetic nystagmus and visual-vestibular interaction. The present chapter reviews the newer experimental findings while including older data concerning the structural and functional organization of the AOS. We then consider the ontogeny and phylogeny of the AOS and include a discussion of similarities and differences in the anatomical organization of the AOS in nonmammalian and mammalian species. This is followed by sections dealing with retinal and cerebral cortical afferents to the AOS nuclei, interneuronal connections of AOS neurons, and the efferents of the AOS nuclei. We conclude with a section on Functional Considerations dealing with the issues of the response properties of AOS neurons, lesion and metabolic studies, and the AOS and spatial cognition.

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A pretectal projection upon the accessory optic nucleus in the pigeon: An anatomical and electrophysiological study

Cited by 23 publications

References 19 publications

Projections of the nucleus of the basal optic root in pigeons (Columba livia): A comparison of the morphology and distribution of neurons with different efferent projections

Projections of the nucleus of the basal optic root in pigeons (Columba livia): A comparison of the morphology and distribution of neurons with different efferent projections

Projections of the nucleus lentiformis mesencephali in pigeons (Columba livia): A comparison of the morphology and distribution of neurons with different efferent projections

The accessory optic system: basic organization with an update on connectivity, neurochemistry, and function

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