The aim of this study is to reveal the effect of career barriers and presenteeism behaviors of physical education and sports teachers on teacher professionalism through a structural equation model. The hypotheses presented because of the literature review were tested with the fictional model. The sample of the study consists of a total of 411 physical education and sports teachers, who work in Ankara. As data collection tools, the Teachers’ Career Barriers Scale, the Stanford Presenteeism Scale and the Teacher Professionalism Scale were used in the research. In the analysis of the data, the theoretically created model was tested through a structural equation model. Considering the findings obtained from the research, it can be stated that the participants are faced with career barriers, that they exhibit their presenteeism behaviors at a reasonable level, and that the professionalism level is above average. On the other hand, it was concluded that male participants encountered more career barriers and displayed more presenteeism behavior, while female participants had a higher professionalism level than that of male participants. In addition, it was determined that administrative barriers affect teacher professionalism, while presenteeism behaviors do not have an impact on professionalism level.