A preliminary phylogeny of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) based on nuclear small-subunit ribosomal DNA

Cook, Lyn G.; Gullan, Penny J.; Trueman, Holly E.

doi:10.1016/s1055-7903(02)00248-8

Cited by 103 publications

(142 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Scale insects are classified into two informal groups, the primitive archaeococcoids and advanced neococcoids (Borchsenius, 1956). The monophyly of neococcoids is well documented and recently supported by molecular analyses (Cook et al, 2002). The neoccoid scale insects are classified into 17 well defined families, including Pseudococcidae, Kermesidae, Eriococcidae, Coccidae, Asterolecaniidae, Diaspididae and several smaller families (Gullan & Cook, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…The neoccoid scale insects are classified into 17 well defined families, including Pseudococcidae, Kermesidae, Eriococcidae, Coccidae, Asterolecaniidae, Diaspididae and several smaller families (Gullan & Cook, 2007). In contrast to the neococcoids, the phylogeny and classification of archaeococcoids is still being debated (Koteja, 1974(Koteja, , 1996Gullan & Sjaarda, 2001;Cook et al, 2002;Gullan & Cook, 2007). Since this group is characterized by plesiomorphic characters only, its monophyly is uncertain (Koteja, 1996;Cook et al, 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Germ cell cluster formation and ovariole structure in Puto albicans and Crypticerya morrilli (Hemiptera: Coccinea). Phylogenetic implications

Szklarzewicz¹,

Michalik²,

Czaja³

et al. 2010

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. The organization and development of ovaries in representatives of two families (Putoidae and Monophlebidae) of scale insects are described. Developing ovaries of Puto albicans McKenzie, 1967 and Crypticerya morrilli (Cockerell, 1914) consist of numerous clusters of cystocytes that are arranged in the form of rosettes. At the end of the last nymphal instar these clusters start to protrude from the interior of the ovary into the body cavity and the ovarioles begin to be formed. The ovary of a young female is composed of about 200 spherical telotrophic ovarioles devoid of terminal filaments. The ovarioles of C. morrilli contain 8 germ cells (7 trophocytes and a single oocyte). From 25 to 45 germ cells (23-43 trophocytes and 2 or 3 oocytes) occur in the ovarioles of P. albicans. An ovariole of an adult female is subdivided into a trophic chamber (tropharium), vitellarium and ovariolar stalk (pedicel). At each stage of development, the ovaries are accompanied by large cells (termed bacteriocytes) that contain endosymbiotic microorganisms. The organization of the ovary in P. albicans is more similar to that in archaeococcoid scale insects than in neococcoid taxa. In contrast, the number of germ cells per ovariole in C. morrilli is not typical of other archaeococcoids, but resembles the derived condition seen in other iceryine taxa. The classification and phylogeny of scale insects are discussed in the light of these results.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Germ cell cluster formation and ovariole structure in Puto albicans and Crypticerya morrilli (Hemiptera: Coccinea). Phylogenetic implications

Szklarzewicz¹,

Michalik²,

Czaja³

et al. 2010

Eur. J. Entomol.

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“…In all of nature, only two reversions from haplodiploidy back to diplodiploidy are known (Herrick and Seger 1999;Cook et al 2002;Normark 2003). Both of these occurred in scale insects and both involve the reemergence of diploid males from systems of germline PGE.…”

Section: Reversion To Diplodiploidy Coincident With Aposymbiosis Of Mmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haplodiploidy as an Outcome of Coevolution Between Male-Killing Cytoplasmic Elements and Their Hosts

Normark¹

2004

Evolution

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Abstract. Haplodiploidy (encompassing both arrhenotoky and paternal genome elimination) could have originated from coevolution between male-killing endosymbiotic bacteria and their hosts. In insects, haplodiploidy tends to arise in lineages that rely on maternally transmitted bacteria for nutrition and that have gregarious broods in which competition between siblings may occur. When siblings compete, there is strong selection on maternally transmitted elements to kill males. I consider a hypothetical bacterial phenotype that renders male zygotes effectively haploid by preventing chromosome decondensation in male-determining sperm nuclei. By causing high male mortality, such a phenotype can be advantageous to the bacterial lineage. By eliminating paternal genes, it can also be advantageous to the host female. A simple model shows that the host female will benefit under a wide range of values for the efficiency of resource re-allocation, the efficiency of transmission, and the viability of haploid males. This hypothesis helps to explain the ecological correlates of the origins of haplodiploidy, as well as such otherwise puzzling phenomena as obligate cannibalism by male Micromalthus beetles, reversion to diploidy by aposymbiotic male stictococcid scale insects, and the bizarre genomic constitution of scale insect bacteriomes.

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“…Several prior studies (Hardy et al, 2008;Rung et al, 2008;Ashfaq et al, 2010) have examined mealybug classification based on sequence variation in ribosomal and mitochondrial DNA. Similarly, sequence data of nuclear, mitochondrial and endosymbiotic genes have been used to estimate the phylogenies of scale insects (Cook et al, 2002;Morse & Normark, 2006;Gullan & Cook, 2007). These studies have established the value of molecular techniques in both species identification and in assessing phylogenetic relationships.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of a scale insect (Drosicha mangiferae; Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) infesting mango orchards in Pakistan

Ashfaq¹,

Ara²,

Noor³

et al. 2011

Eur. J. Entomol.

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Abstract. Mango orchards in Pakistan are attacked by the scale insect, Drosicha mangiferae (Hemiptera: Monophlebidae), commonly called the "mango mealybug". This insect is univoltine, active from December through May and targets multiple host plants. We used DNA nucleotide sequences to characterize and determine the phylogenetic status of D. mangiferae. Mango mealybugs were collected from several tree species from different localities and patterns of phylogenetic and genetic diversity were examined at both nuclear (18S, ITS1) and mitochondrial (COI) genes. Phylogenetic analysis confirms that the mango mealybug belongs to the family Monophlebidae. Minor genetic differences in both the ITS1 and the COI barcode region were noted among D. mangiferae collected from different geographic localities. These genetic differences revealed the existence of two genotypes of D. mangiferae that are region specific but not host-specific.

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A preliminary phylogeny of the scale insects (Hemiptera: Sternorrhyncha: Coccoidea) based on nuclear small-subunit ribosomal DNA

Cited by 103 publications

References 36 publications

Germ cell cluster formation and ovariole structure in Puto albicans and Crypticerya morrilli (Hemiptera: Coccinea). Phylogenetic implications

Germ cell cluster formation and ovariole structure in Puto albicans and Crypticerya morrilli (Hemiptera: Coccinea). Phylogenetic implications

Haplodiploidy as an Outcome of Coevolution Between Male-Killing Cytoplasmic Elements and Their Hosts

Molecular phylogenetic analysis of a scale insect (Drosicha mangiferae; Hemiptera: Monophlebidae) infesting mango orchards in Pakistan

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