A Preliminary Investigation of Fluidized Bed Electrodes

Abstract

configuration. When the same pumps were used in an even larger unit, a slightly lower total power figure was obtained. The data recorded for the 30,000 GPD unit are representative of conditions at the end of over 2000 operating hours. The data fairly represent the running record with two exceptions. First, during 90% of the operating time the apparent stack resistance was 15% lower than at the end and, second, the current efficiency average over 2000 hr was 85.6 __+ 2%. Allowing for these two factors brings the estimated minimum power to 1.00 kwhr/1000 gal in good agreement with the figure found in operations with the 6000 GPD unit. Conclusions and RecommendationsA self-contained device for the acidification of desalination plant feed streams has been developed. The acid generator requires as inputs electricity and the desalination plant feed stream. Substantial units of 6000 and 30,000 GPD have operated at a total power level of 2.5 kwhr/I000 gal. There are indications that this could be cut in half. The large systems tested suffer from two correctable defects. First, the cells in future units should be long thin rectangles or lozenges to get better flow distribution and to avoid problems associated with buffer precipitate settling in the quiescent portions of the round cell sections used here. And, second, further work on the catholyte/buffer system is required. Flow rates, stream ratios, and the like must be readjusted to produce a high salinity buffer stream before any significant cell power reduction is possible. Further, if the pH of the buffer can be lowered by only 1 unit, additional improvements in power requirements can be realized.

II. Electrodeposition/Removal of Nickel in a Spouted Electrochemical Reactor

“…9,10 Fluidized beds have also been used as cathodes for electrowinning. 11,12,13 These types of systems offer good liquid-solid contacting and do not generally suffer from particle agglomeration. However, they generally exhibit poor electrical contact between particles, which is a function of bed expansion, inhomogeneous electrical potentials, and particle segregation effects.…”

Performance of carbon aerogels particle electrodes for the aqueous phase electro-catalytic oxidation of simulated phenol wastewaters

“…In particular, electrochemical technologies based on three-dimensional electrodes for wastewater treatment have attracted more attention [12,13]. The three-dimensional electrode (particle electrodes or bed electrodes) is a new electrochemical reactor made from traditional two electrodes and granular or powdery working electrode materials loaded between the two traditional dimensional reactors [14]. Comparing with conventional two-dimensional electrodes, three-dimensional electrodes are characterized by large specific surface area, high performance and lower energy cost, and therefore they offer a wide application prospect [15].…”

A novel cost-saving strategy for electrochemical oxidation of organic matters by multi-current controlled operation

“…Recently , an integrated technique composed by electrochemical oxidation and carbon adsorption has received broad attention due to its higher current yield and less power demand. This socalled bipolar electrode system (BEs) originated in the 1960s [8] shows excellent performanc es in treating various industrial wastewaters [9][10][11]. But the kinetics and cost are the major challenges that are hindering its large-scale industrializati on.…”