A predictive model for the assessment of the temperature polarization effect in direct contact membrane distillation desalination of high salinity feed

Influence of salt concentration on DCMD performance for treatment of highly concentrated NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and MgSO4 solutions

“…Several researchers have focused on treatment of concentrated solutions with MD [7][8][9][10][11], and believed the flux decline with salt concentration is one of the challenges. Schofield et al [7] found that decrease in the flux with the increase of NaCl concentration, is mainly caused by the decreases of the equilibrium vapor pressure of NaCl solution.…”

A stepwise model of direct contact membrane distillation for application to large-scale systems: Experimental results and model predictions

“…More recent models of DCMD have attempted to account for the variation of operational variable values along the length of the membrane by employing stepwise modeling approaches. Manawi et al [37,39] used a stepwise approach and iterative solution method with Microsoft Excel's Solver to develop flux and temperature profiles along the length of the membrane. However, this approach neglected concentration polarization, was only applicable to well characterized non-woven spacers, and was not tested at a larger-scale.…”

Increasing the Performance of Vacuum Membrane Distillation Using Micro-Structured Hydrophobic Aluminum Hollow Fiber Membranes

“…Therefore, there have been many studies of membrane distillation (MD) processes in the last two decades [6][7][8]. MD is frequently used for seawater desalination due to the easy driving force of slight temperature differences [6,[9][10][11]. Membrane contactors could resolve the fresh water problem.…”