Influence of salt concentration on DCMD performance for treatment of highly concentrated NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and MgSO4 solutions

Guan, Yong; Li, Jianfeng; Cheng, Fangqin; Zhao, Jing; Wang, Xuming

doi:10.1016/j.desal.2014.10.005

Cited by 58 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(55 reference statements)

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“…The trends depicted in Fig. (11) were consistent with theoretical expectation [55]. It was stated that the solubility of salt solutions was enhanced when increasing the temperature yielding excellent permeate fluxes.…”

Section: Membrane Foulingsupporting

confidence: 87%

An integrated fertilizer driven forward osmosis- renewables powered membrane distillation system for brackish water desalination: A combined experimental and theoretical approach

et al. 2019

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Section: Membrane Foulingsupporting

confidence: 87%

An integrated fertilizer driven forward osmosis- renewables powered membrane distillation system for brackish water desalination: A combined experimental and theoretical approach

et al. 2019

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“…Higher Figure 6 shows the flux as function of salinity for the thick PP and thin ePVDF membrane at different ΔT b and flow velocities. As already described in literature, the flux improves upon increasing ΔT b and flow velocities for all concentrations tested [26], [51]. Moreover, the effect is more pronounced for the thin ePVDF membranes.…”

Section: Temperature and Flow Velocitysupporting

confidence: 63%

“…In a recently published review, Curcio and Drioli stated that the literature still lacks clear and conclusive statements concerning the thickness effect [23]. Additionally, only very few studies reported on the influence of operational conditions at high salinity [9], [24]- [26]. Therefore, in this paper, membranes with thickness ranging from 20 -188 μm, variations in porosity and different structure are experimentally investigated and simulated in the entire solubility range of NaCl, varying the temperature difference over the membrane and the flow velocity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of membrane thickness and process conditions on direct contact membrane distillation at different salinities

Eykens

Hitsov

Sitter

et al. 2016

Journal of Membrane Science

148

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Membrane distillation is an emerging thermal membrane technology for the separation of salts and other non-volatile inclusions from water streams. The process offers a solution for the treatment of concentrated solutions, which are out of the scope of reverse osmosis. However, only few studies focused on the optimal membrane properties and operational conditions in the high concentration regime. In this paper, membranes with variations in thickness, porosity and structure are experimentally investigated in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) as well as simulated, using the Dusty Gas Model. Operational conditions, including the temperature difference over the membrane, the flow velocity and the feed stream salinity up to saturation are varied. It is confirmed that for pure water, thinner membranes show higher fluxes, while energy efficiency is unaffected by membrane thickness. At higher salinities, an optimal membrane thickness depending on membrane parameters and process conditions exists. The optimal membrane thickness is calculated in this article for concentrations of NaCl ranging from 0 up to 320 g/l and variations in bulk temperature difference and flow velocities for four different membranes. In this paper, membranes with thickness ranging from 20 -188 μm, variations in porosity and different structure are experimentally investigated and simulated using the Dusty Gas Model.Multiple process conditions are used for exploring the entire solubility range of NaCl. In addition, the optimal membrane thickness is computed, depending on process conditions and membrane structure. Furthermore, guidelines are proposed for the choice of membrane and operational conditions to optimize the DCMD process.All the authors mutually agree on submitting our manuscript to Journal of Membrane Science and the manuscript is an original work of the authors. Moreover, none of the work described in this manuscript has been submitted earlier to Journal of Membrane Science. 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 INFLUENCE OF MEMBRANE THICKNESS AND PROCESS CONDITIONS ON DIRECT CONTACT MEMBRANE DISTILLATION AT DIFFERENT SALINITIES AbstractMembrane distillation is an emerging thermal membrane technology for the separation of salts and other non-volatile inclusions from water streams. The process offers a solution for the treatment of concentrated solutions, which are out of the scope of reverse osmosis.However, only few studies focused on the optimal membrane properties and operational conditions in the high concentration regime. In this paper, membranes with variations in thickness, porosity and structure are experimentally investigated in direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD) as well as simulated, using the Dusty Gas Model. Operational conditions, including the temperature difference over the membrane, the flo...

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“…Guan et al [23], Li et al [24], and Alkhudhiri et al [25] tested MD with various electrolyte solutions up to high salinity and found that water activity is a good predictor of the pure water flux. Vapor pressure at the solution-vapor interface is proportional to the activity of water, which declines with increasing feed salinity and does so at a different rate for each electrolyte solution.…”

Section: Small Area Systems Measuring Flux and Thermal Efficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy efficiency of membrane distillation up to high salinity: Evaluating critical system size and optimal membrane thickness

et al. 2018

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This study presents a comprehensive analytical framework to design efficient single-stage membrane distillation (MD) systems for the desalination of feed streams up to high salinity. MD performance is quantified in terms of energy efficiency (represented as a gained output ratio, or GOR) and vapor flux, both of which together affect the specific cost of pure water production. Irrespective of the feed salinity, permeate or conductive gap MD (P/CGMD) performs better than direct contact MD (DCMD) when the heat transfer resistance of the gap (in P/CGMD) is lower than that of the external heat exchanger in DCMD. Air gap MD's (AGMD) better performance relative to the other configurations at high salinity and large system area can be explained in terms of its thicker 'effective membrane', which includes the air-gap region. CGMD and DCMD employing a thick membrane are also resilient to high salinity, similar to AGMD, while not being susceptible to the gap flooding that can harm AGMD's performance. A method is described to simultaneously determine the cost-optimal membrane thickness and system size as a function of the ratio of specific costs of heat energy and module area. At low salinity and small system size, GOR rises and flux declines with an increase in membrane area. For salty feed solutions, there exists a critical system size beyond which GOR also begins to decline. Since both GOR and flux are lower, no economic rationale favors operation above this critical size, irrespective of the costs of thermal energy and system area. A closed-form analytical expression for this critical system area is derived as a function of the feed salinity and two dimensionless ratios of heat transfer resistances within the MD module.Keywords: membrane distillation, high salinity, energy efficiency, system size, optimal membrane thickness * Corresponding author: lienhard@mit.

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Influence of salt concentration on DCMD performance for treatment of highly concentrated NaCl, KCl, MgCl2 and MgSO4 solutions

Cited by 58 publications

References 35 publications

An integrated fertilizer driven forward osmosis- renewables powered membrane distillation system for brackish water desalination: A combined experimental and theoretical approach

An integrated fertilizer driven forward osmosis- renewables powered membrane distillation system for brackish water desalination: A combined experimental and theoretical approach

Influence of membrane thickness and process conditions on direct contact membrane distillation at different salinities

Energy efficiency of membrane distillation up to high salinity: Evaluating critical system size and optimal membrane thickness

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