A Pragmatic Review on Bio-polymerized Metallic Nano-Architecture for Photocatalytic Degradation of Recalcitrant Dye Pollutants

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The use of efficacious and cost‐effective pesticides (OP and OC) has undoubtedly proven to be a blessing and a baron because these pesticides are safeguarding the world from food insecurity. Unfortunately, their presence in aquatic bodies brings about an upsurge in water pollution. Amazingly, the photocatalytic degradation approach utilizing biogenic nanoparticles (BNPs) is a trendy state‐of‐the‐art approach and has been established to be a sustainable methodology for the complete mineralization of contaminants into harmless molecules. Thus, this work holistically explores the use of BNPs for photocatalytic degradation of OP and OC. Based on the review, it was found that the least amount of time needed for degradation was less than 5 minutes, while the maximum degradation efficiency was >80 %. The dominant radicals participating in the degradation are ⋅OH and O2⋅ and this radical dominance was enhanced by the oxygenated functional groups present in the biogenic entities employed for the biosynthesis of BNPs. The photocatalytic degradation data fits the pseudo‐first‐order and Langmuir isotherm models (R2 > 0.9), which indicates that the main adsorption mechanisms involved during electron‐hole pair formation and photocatalytic degradation are physisorption and monolayer at the surface of the BNPs. BNPs can sustain a >80 % degradation efficiency for approximately 5 cycles and are reusable for up to 8 cycles. It was also revealed that plants constitute 80 % of the engaged biogenic entities for BNP synthesis. Ultimately, this work offers novel avenues and future research hotspots that might accelerate the use of BNPs for sustainable agricultural and wastewater management practices.

Section: Recyclability and Regenerabilitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biosynthesized Metallic Nanoarchitecture for Photocatalytic Degradation of Emerging Organochlorine and Organophosphate Pollutants: A Review

Emmanuel,

Idris,

Olawoyin

et al. 2024

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“…[3][4][5][6][9][10][11][12][13] These synthetic particles have had a significant impact on the advancement of many industries, including engineering, the food industry, (waste)water treatment industry, cosmetics, biomedical devices, and the pharmaceutical sector. [7,12,14,15] In various scientific domains, nanoparticles display distinct size-and shape-dependent features, spanning physical, chemical, and biological ones. [3][4][5][6]13,16,17] In recent years, therapeutic efforts to ameliorate some negative bodily activities have benefited from the use of nanotechnology owing to the novel diversity of approaches accessible for the manufacture of materials at the nanoscale.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Due to its diverse characteristics, nanoscience, particularly in the biomedical field, has drawn the attention of numerous researchers in recent years from all over the world. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8] Nanotechnology principally deals with crafting/ assembling, fabrication, and utilization of � 100 nm size of functional materials called nanoparticles which possess distinctive and fascinating physicochemical and biological characteristics. [3][4][5][6][9][10][11][12][13] These synthetic particles have had a significant impact on the advancement of many industries, including engineering, the food industry, (waste)water treatment industry, cosmetics, biomedical devices, and the pharmaceutical sector.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Review of Antithrombolytic, Anticoagulant, and Antiplatelet Activities of Biosynthesized Metallic Nanostructured Multifunctional Materials

Emmanuel,

Adesibikan,

Olusola Olawoyin

et al. 2023

The continuous upsurge in drug resistance, the proliferation of life‐threatening aliment, and the advent of the utilization of biogenic extract for bio‐fabrication of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) are unequivocally accidental. This review generously gathers the efficacy remarks of numerous biosynthesized MNPs concerning their antithrombolytic activity, Anticoagulant activity, and antiplatelet activity to give fresh thought to researchers on what to improve as per the architectural design of the biosynthesized MNPs, and selection of biogenic extract for better activities. In this work, efforts were made to provide mechanistic insight into the antithrombolytic, Anticoagulant, and antiplatelet activities of different biogenic MNPs. This work revealed that the biogenic extract used in synthesizing the green MNPs confers on them an improved biological activity compared to the physically and chemically synthesized MNP owing to the enormous phytochemicals present in the biological entities. Notably, it was also observed that phytogenically synthesized MNPs performed better than mycogenically synthesized MNPs and this might be ascribed to a large volume of the phytochemical present in plants that can easily be leached compared to microorganisms. Comparatively, the biogenic MNPs synergistically outperformed the ordinary biological extract and MNPs when used individually. Conclusively, from this review, the biosynthesized MNPs is a promising candidate for combating inflammation, the spread of infectious agents, retarded wound‐healing process, thrombosis, blood coagulation, ulcer, internal and external bleeding during injury with an average remarkable efficacy >70, and infinitesimal toxicity.

“…). [8,28,29,[31][32][33][34]38,[40][41][42] The e À /h + charge carriers that are produced as a result then move toward the outer layer (surface). In addition, * OH radicals are also produced by further interaction between the O 2 * radical anion and the H 2 O molecule.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The * OH and O 2 * radicals then attack the molecules of maxilon dye, converting them into less complex and non-toxic chemicals. [8,28,29,[31][32][33][34]36,38,39,[41][42][43][44] The degradation by this radical attack is often established or judged by the rupture of the primary carbon bonds of the dye pollutant, the disintegration of the dye pollutant aromatic ring, CÀ N bond, and C=N cleavage. [28,33,45] The plausible mechanism and stepwise equation of the explanation in the foregoing paragraph as per maxilon dye photodegradation using NPs when exposed to light are provided in Figures 2 and 3 respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocatalytic Degradation of Maxilon Dye Pollutants using Nano‐Architecture Functional Materials: A Review

Emmanuel,

Adesibikan,

Olawoyin

et al. 2024

Self Cite

The most essential task in the twenty‐first century is to fight the alarming growing pollution in the aquatic body in which effluent of one of the most colouring dye categories called maxilon dye is a major contributor. This review thus specifically focuses on the use of nanoparticles (NPs) for photocatalytic degradation of maxilon dye contaminants in water bodies. The work empirically presented the performance evaluation of NPs in degrading maxilon dyes under light irradiation alongside the underlying operational photocatalytic degradation mechanism. The stability of NPs was also critically analyzed by looking at the regenerability and reusability of expended NPs. From the study, it was discovered that ⋅OH and O2⋅ played a vital role in the genesis of the oxidizing capacity of NPs for the photocatalytic breakdown of maxilon dye. Moreover, it was found that the degradation performance of most NPs is greater than 80 % and the shortest degradation period is < 1 hour with pseudo‐first‐order (PFO) being the most common kinetic best‐fit to describe the adsorption process that occurred shortly before and during the degradation operation. At the end, knowledge gaps were identified in the area of regenerability, the lifecycle analyses of nano‐photocatalyst fabrication and utilization, cost analysis for industrial scale‐up, maxilon dye ecotoxicological study, and degradation pathways. The findings of this study can open up insightful innovation for readers and industries that are interested in pursuing zero water insecurity.