A Review of Antithrombolytic, Anticoagulant, and Antiplatelet Activities of Biosynthesized Metallic Nanostructured Multifunctional Materials

Abstract

The continuous upsurge in drug resistance, the proliferation of life‐threatening aliment, and the advent of the utilization of biogenic extract for bio‐fabrication of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) are unequivocally accidental. This review generously gathers the efficacy remarks of numerous biosynthesized MNPs concerning their antithrombolytic activity, Anticoagulant activity, and antiplatelet activity to give fresh thought to researchers on what to improve as per the architectural design of the biosynthesized MNPs, and selection of biogenic extract for better activities. In this work, efforts were made to provide mechanistic insight into the antithrombolytic, Anticoagulant, and antiplatelet activities of different biogenic MNPs. This work revealed that the biogenic extract used in synthesizing the green MNPs confers on them an improved biological activity compared to the physically and chemically synthesized MNP owing to the enormous phytochemicals present in the biological entities. Notably, it was also observed that phytogenically synthesized MNPs performed better than mycogenically synthesized MNPs and this might be ascribed to a large volume of the phytochemical present in plants that can easily be leached compared to microorganisms. Comparatively, the biogenic MNPs synergistically outperformed the ordinary biological extract and MNPs when used individually. Conclusively, from this review, the biosynthesized MNPs is a promising candidate for combating inflammation, the spread of infectious agents, retarded wound‐healing process, thrombosis, blood coagulation, ulcer, internal and external bleeding during injury with an average remarkable efficacy >70, and infinitesimal toxicity.

Photocatalytic Degradation of Maxilon Dye Pollutants using Nano‐Architecture Functional Materials: A Review

“…Also, for future work, the lifecycle analyses of nano-photocatalyst fabrication and utilization, and cost analysis be performed. Moreover, there is no work on the use of biogenic NPs (NPs fabricated using biological entities like plants and microorganisms that contain plethora of hydroxyl and oxygenated functional groups [99][100][101][102][103][104] ) for photocatalytic degradation of maxilon dyes and this could be an interesting future research hotspot. Lastly, since maxilon dyes are one of the most emerging colourful dyes, their photocatalytic degradation in real-life scenarios on an industrial scale needs to be explored.…”

“…Furthermore, dye pollutants can be totally degraded to relatively non-hazardous elements without causing the production of secondary toxic substances. [13] The surface functionalization of NPs [14] is used for photocatalytic degradation to effectively degrade hazardous contaminants. [15,16] The Maxilon dyes are a sort of basic mono-azo dye, a class of exceptionally colourful synthetic soluble dyes used by the textile industry.…”

“…Furthermore, dye pollutants can be totally degraded to relatively non‐hazardous elements without causing the production of secondary toxic substances [13] . The surface functionalization of NPs [14] is used for photocatalytic degradation to effectively degrade hazardous contaminants [15,16] …”

Biosynthesized Metallic Nanoarchitecture for Photocatalytic Degradation of Emerging Organochlorine and Organophosphate Pollutants: A Review

“…[24,25] The eco-friendly biosynthetic nanoparticles derived from plants or microbes are emerging as the most suitable material for photocatalytic degradation. [12,13,15,26] Meanwhile, based on the exhaustive literature survey done by the authors, nanomaterials for the degradation of various pesticide families have received few reviews. The main direction of these earlier review studies has been compared in Table 1 with the novelty and main objectives of this present review paper.…”

“…Many attempts have therefore been made to eliminate these dangerous toxicants from environmental matrices. These efforts have made use of a range of removal techniques, including adsorption, chemical precipitation, membrane separation, bio‐electrochemical devices, advanced oxidation processes, and photocatalytic degradation [9–18] . The photocatalytic approach has rekindled the interest of scientists as an alternate strategy for the complete mineralization of pesticides.…”