A practical method for assessing infectious laryngotracheitis vaccine take in broilers following mass administration in water: Spatial and temporal variation in viral genome content of poultry dust after vaccination

Ahaduzzaman, Md.; Groves, Peter J.; Sharpe, S. M.; Williamson, Sarah; Gao, Yuanshuo K.; Nguyen, Trong Van; Gerber, Priscilla F.; Walkden‐Brown, Stephen W.

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108545

Cited by 18 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…2.2.1 Dust naturally containing ILTV DNA. Dust samples collected from three poultry farms (A-1 and A-2 from Farm A; B from Farm B; and C from Farm C) as part of an ILTV vaccination monitoring study [3] were aliquoted for use in all experiments. Samples were tested positive for ILTV GC by PCR.…”

Section: Poultry Dust Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A promising trend in the monitoring of incursion of pathogenic viruses and administration success of live virus vaccines in large poultry flocks is the use of PCR-based assays using poultry dust as a diagnostic sample [1][2][3]. This population-level sampling approach consists of collection of dust samples accumulated in settle plates or scraped from poultry shed fixtures for PCR testing [1,[3][4][5]. Although this method offers advantages over individual bird sampling such as ease of sample collection, a limitation is the inability to differentiate between viable and nonviable viruses by PCR due to the persistence of DNA in fully or partially intact viruses [6,7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methods to prevent PCR amplification of DNA from non-viable virus were not successful for infectious laryngotracheitis virus

2020

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Molecular-based testing of poultry dust has been used as a fast, sensitive and specific way to monitor viruses in chicken flocks but it provides no information on viral viability. Differentiation of viable and nonviable virus would expand the usefulness of PCR-based detection. This study tested three treatments (1. DNAse, 2. propidium monoazide [PMA], 3. immunomagnetic separation [IMS]) applied to dust or virus stock prior to nucleic acid extraction for their ability to exclude nonviable virus from PCR amplification. Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) was used as a model. These treatments assume loss of viral viability due to damage to the capsid or to denaturation of epitope proteins. DNAse and PMA assess the integrity of the capsid to penetration by enzyme or intercalating dye, while IMS assesses the integrity of epitope proteins. Treatments were evaluated for their ability to reduce PCR signal, measured as ILTV log 10 genomic copies (ILTV GC), of heat and chemically inactivated ILTV in poultry dust and virus stock. Compared to untreated dust samples, there was an overall reduction of 1.7 ILTV GC after IMS treatment (p<0.01), and a reduction of 2.0 ILTV GC after PMA treatment (p<0.0001). DNAse treatment did not reduce ILTV GC in dust (p = 0.68). Compared to untreated virus stocks, there was an overall reduction of 0.5 ILTV GC after DNAse treatment (p = 0.04), a reduction of 1.8 ILTV GC after IMS treatment (p<0.001) and a reduction of 1.4 ILTV GC after PMA treatment (p<0.0001). None of the treatments completely suppressed the detection of inactivated ILTV GC. In conclusion, treatments that use capsid integrity or protein epitope denaturation as markers to assess ILTV infectivity are unsuitable to accurately estimate proportions of viable virus in poultry dust and virus stocks.

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Section: Poultry Dust Samplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methods to prevent PCR amplification of DNA from non-viable virus were not successful for infectious laryngotracheitis virus

2020

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“…In addition, dust has also been shown to be useful for the monitoring of pathogens that are primarily transmitted by feather dander such as Marek's disease virus ( Walkden-Brown et al, 2013 ). Respiratory pathogens such as infectious laryngotracheitis virus ( Ahaduzzaman et al, 2019 ), Newcastle disease virus and infectious bronchitis virus ( Tran et al, 2020 ) are detectable in dust samples using PCR although it is not clear whether this represents infective virus from the respiratory tract or inactivated viral nucleic acids present in excreta following passage through the gut ( Bindari et al, 2020 ; Yegoraw et al, 2020 ). It can be expected that pathogens originating in litter material (e.g., litter derived Aspergillus fumigatus ) will also be well represented in dust, however, it should be noted that the proportion of bedding in dust declined to low levels over time as observed in this study.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Poultry dust is also important as a reservoir and transmission mechanism for poultry diseases such as Marek's disease ( Carrozza et al, 1973 ). Furthermore, several studies have demonstrated the potential of poultry dust as a population level sample material for tracking pathogen incidence and assessing vaccination efficacy ( Walkden-Brown et al, 2013 ; Ahaduzzaman et al, 2019 ; Nguyen et al, 2019 ). Given these aspects, it is important to understand the composition of poultry dust and how it changes during the production cycle.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of poultry house dust using chemometrics and scanning electron microscopy imaging

et al. 2021

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Poultry house dust is composed of fine particles which likely originate from a diverse range of materials such as feed, litter, excreta, and feathers. Little is known about the contribution of these sources to broiler house airborne dust so the present study was designed to identify the relative contributions of these sources. Samples of feed, excreta, feather, and bedding, known mixtures of these and settled dust from 28 broiler chicken flocks were tested for the concentration of 18 chemical elements. A chemometrics approach (the application of multivariate statistical techniques to chemical analysis data) was used to identify the primary source material in broiler chicken house dust samples. Scanning electron microscopy ( SEM ) was also used to analyze dust sample particulates based on examination of source materials. Excreta was found to be the main component of broiler chicken house dust, both by SEM and chemometric analysis. SEM of experimental flock dust between 7 and 35 days of age ( d ) revealed that the contribution of excreta to dust increased with age from 60% at 7 d to 95% at 28 d ( P < 0.001). The proportion of bedding and feed in dust declined with age while the contribution of feather material remained low throughout. This study demonstrates that excreta provides the bulk of the material in poultry dust samples with bedding material, feed and feather material providing lower proportions. The relative contributions of these materials to dust varies with age of birds at dust collection. Additional research is required to determine the health and diagnostic implications of this variation.

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A molecular based method for rapid detection of Salmonella spp. in poultry dust samples

et al. 2021

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Salmonellosis, caused by Salmonella spp., is a widely reported foodborne zoonosis frequently associated with ingestion of poultry products. Salmonella vaccination of chickens can be used to reduce bacterial shedding and risk of human infection. To determine Salmonella burden in chicken farms, culture methods of environmental samples that require a turn-around time of 5–7 days are usually used. Rapid screening using molecular assays such as PCR of pre-enriched broth has been reported for Salmonella spp. detection in feed, floor dust, and drag swabs within 2–3 days. Here we report an adaptation of the method for detection of Salmonella in poultry dust samples collected using a settle plate method under experimental conditions. Key features: Passive dust sample collection using dry settle plates without media suspended from dropper lines of drinkers. Small amount of sample required for the pre-enrichment process. Quantification of Salmonella DNA with high sensitivity using an inexpensive extraction protocol.

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A practical method for assessing infectious laryngotracheitis vaccine take in broilers following mass administration in water: Spatial and temporal variation in viral genome content of poultry dust after vaccination

Cited by 18 publications

References 25 publications

Methods to prevent PCR amplification of DNA from non-viable virus were not successful for infectious laryngotracheitis virus

Methods to prevent PCR amplification of DNA from non-viable virus were not successful for infectious laryngotracheitis virus

Characterization of poultry house dust using chemometrics and scanning electron microscopy imaging

A molecular based method for rapid detection of Salmonella spp. in poultry dust samples

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