A Power-Aware Multicast Routing Protocol for Mobile Ad Hoc Networks With Mobility Prediction

Abstract

A mobile ad hoc network (MANET) is a dynamically reconfigurable wireless network that does not have a fixed infrastructure. Due to the high mobility of nodes, the network topology of MANETs changes very fast, making it more difficult to find the routes that message packets use. Because mobile nodes have limited battery power, it is therefore very important to use energy in a MANET efficiently. In this paper, we propose a power-aware multicast routing protocol (PMRP) with mobility prediction for MANETs. In order to select a subset of paths that provide increased stability and reliability of routes, in routing discovery, each node receives the RREQ packet and uses the power-aware metric to get in advance the power consumption of transmitted data packets. If the node has enough remaining power to transmit data packets, it uses the global positioning system (GPS) to get the location information (i.e., position, velocity and direction) of the mobile nodes and utilizes this information to calculate the link expiration time (LET) between two connected mobile nodes. During route discovery, each destination node selects the routing path with the smallest LET and uses this smallest link expiration time as the route expiration time (RET). Each destination node collects several feasible routes and then selects the path with the longest RET value as the primary routing path. Then the source node uses these routes between the source node and each destination node to create a multicast tree. In the multicast tree, the source node will be the root node and the destination nodes will be the leaf nodes. Simulation results show that the proposed PMRP outperforms MAODV (Royer, E. M.

A process calculus for energy‐aware multicast communications of mobile ad hoc networks

“…For this reason, many researches have proposed algorithms and protocols with the aim of providing a way to decide the best transmission power for a node's communication in a given environment (see, e.g. [17][18][19][20][21][22]).…”

Fuzzy Logic Aware QoS Multicasting in MANETs with Load Balance

“…The multicast protocols can be classified as mesh based and tree based protocols [7]. In this section some of the QoS aware unicast(AQOR [19]) and multicast(MAODV [18],PMRP [16]) routing protocols are discussed.…”

“…The link expiry time between two nodes in the MANET depends on their present locations, velocities and their moving directions [16]. Let's consider two nodes are presently positioned at 11 ( , ) lm and 22 ( , ) lm and moving with speeds of 1 s and 2 s towards the directions 1 d and 2 d .…”

Efficient Performance Analysis of Energy Aware on Demand Routing Protocol in Mobile Ad‐Hoc Network

“…Implementing the wireless network in a tough condition is tranquil and deploying of this is done at a profligate time. The MANET has found many applications because of its ease that nodes can move freely, deploy at the fast rate in the network …”

“…The MANET has found many applications because of its ease that nodes can move freely, deploy at the fast rate in the network. 1 In MANET, the mobile nodes are distributed randomly wherein the mobile nodes move independently, due to which it has found a large set of applications. The major concern with the present wireless network is being the limitation of battery power, that is, energy used by the nodes, limited bandwidth, and the limited range of transmission.…”