A Possible Pathophysiologic Substrate of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Heilman, Kenneth M.; Voeller, Kytja K. S.; Nadeau, Stephen E.

doi:10.1177/0883073891006001s09

Cited by 238 publications

(140 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In addition, patients with frontal brain lesions show some behavioural similarities with ADHD patients (Benton 1991;Heilman et al 1991;Levin 1938;Mattes 1980) and ADHD has been shown to be highly heritable (Bobb et al 2005;Fisher et al 2002;Teicher et al 2000). These findings suggest that ADHD is based on some specific neurobiological dysfunctions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…This is based on several indications. For example, patients with prefrontal lesions show behavioural similarities with ADHD patients (Benton 1991;Heilman et al 1991;Levin 1938;Mattes 1980) and the right PFC volume is reduced in children with ADHD (Castellanos et al 1996b;Filipek et al 1997;Hynd et al 1990). Both basal ganglia and frontal lobe volumes correlate with impaired attention and inhibition (Casey et al 1997;SemrudClikeman et al 2000).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is a striking similarity in symptoms between patients with lesions in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and individuals with ADHD (Benton 1991;Heilman et al 1991;Levin 1938;Mattes 1980), which suggests an important role of the PFC in ADHD. Three studies using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) found a decreased volume of the right PFC in children with ADHD, while no such result was found regarding the left PFC (Castellanos et al 1996b;Filipek et al 1997;Hynd et al 1990).…”

Section: Functional and Structural Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal models of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a critical review

Sontag

Tucha

Walitza

et al. 2010

ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord

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Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) involves clinically heterogeneous problems including attention deficits, behavioural hyperactivity and impulsivity. Several animal models of ADHD have been proposed, ranging from models with neurotoxic lesions to genetically manipulated animals. An ADHD model is supposed to show phenomenological similarities with the disorder, i.e. it should mimic the three core symptoms (face validity). A model should also conform to an established or hypothesized pathophysiological basis of the disorder (construct validity).Finally, an animal model should be able to predict previously unknown aspects of the neurobiology of ADHD or to provide potential new treatments (predictive validity). The currently proposed models are heterogeneous with regard to their pathophysiological alterations and their ability to mimic behavioural symptoms and to predict response to medication. This might reflect the heterogeneous nature of ADHD. Since the knowledge about the biology of ADHD from human studies is limited, one cannot at present decide which model best represents ADHD or certain ADHD subtypes. Animal models with good face and predictive validity may be useful for investigations of the underlying biological substrates of ADHD. At present, the models in use should be described as animal models of ADHD-like symptoms rather than models of ADHD.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Functional and Structural Abnormalitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Animal models of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a critical review

Sontag

Tucha

Walitza

et al. 2010

ADHD Atten Def Hyp Disord

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“…The abnormalities in the volume of the caudate nucleus and other basal ganglia 8 make sense because these regions have a role in diverse cognitive functions (e.g., language, 9 learning and memory, 10,11 attention 12 and control of behavioural responses 13,14 ). The results of diverse studies of the anatomic features of the caudate in ADHD patients have been contradictory.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical correlations of grey matter reductions in the caudate nucleus of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Montes

Ricardo-Garcell

Torre

et al. 2010

jpn

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Background: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) studies have shown decreased caudate volumes in individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). However, most of these studies have been carried out in male children. Very little research has been done in adults, and the results obtained in children are difficult to extrapolate to adults. We sought to compare the volume of the caudate of adults with ADHD with that of healthy controls; we also compared these volumes between men and women. Methods: We performed an MRI scan on 20 adults with ADHD (10 men and 10 women) aged 25-35 years and 20 healthy controls matched by age and sex. We used voxel-based morphometry with the DARTEL algorithm for image analyses. We used the specifically designed Friederichsen, Almeida, Serrano, Cortes Test (FASCT) to measure the severity of ADHD; both the self-reported (FASCT-SR) and the observer (FASCT-O) versions were used. Results: The statistical parametric map showed a smaller region with low grey matter volume and a smaller concentration of grey matter in this region of the right caudate in ADHD patients than in health controls, both in the entire sample and within each sex. There was a significant correlation between the volume of this region of the caudate with the number of DSM IV-TR criteria, as well as with the total scores and most of the factors of the FASCT-SR and FASCT-O scales. A separate correlation analysis by sex gave similar results. Limitations: The study design was cross-sectional. Conclusion: The region of the right caudate with low grey matter volume was smaller in adults with ADHD in both sexes and was correlated with ADHD severity.

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“…Furthermore, neglect (Heilman and van den Abell, 1980;Heilman et al, 1991;Weintraub and Mesulam, 1987) and neuroimaging studies (Corbetta et al, 1991;Pardo et al, 1990) suggest that right frontal circuitry in particular is involved in response inhibition (i.e., the suppression of an attentional or behavioral response to salient but irrelevant events). The anatomy of ADHD has been studied with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) by several groups, although preliminary studies have been limited by small sample size and lack of volumetric measures (Giedd H 1937Hynd et al, 1990;Semrud-Clikeman et al, 1994).…”

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confidence: 99%

Implication of Right Frontostriatal Circuitry in Response Inhibition and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Casey¹,

Castellanos²,

Giedd³

et al. 1997

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

701

401

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Objective: To examine the relation between specific frontostriatal structures (prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia) and response inhibition deficits observed in attention-deficitlhyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Method: Children with ADHD and age-matched normal controls were scanned using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tested on three response inhibition tasks. Behavioral performance was correlated with MRI-based anatomical measures of frontostriatal circuitry (prefrontal cortex and basal ganglia) implicated in ADHD. Results: First, significant differences in performance by children with ADHD and normal volunteers were observed on all three response inhibition tasks. Second, performance on these tasks correlated only with those anatomical measures of frontostriatal circuitry observed to be abnormal in children with ADHD (e.g., the region of the prefrontal cortex, caudate, and globus pallidus, but not the putamen) in the authors' previous study. Third, significant correlations between task performance and anatomical measures of the prefrontal cortex and caudate nuclei were predominantly in the right hemisphere, supporting a role of right frontostriatal circuitry in response inhibition and ADHD. Conclusion: The data suggest a role of the right prefrontal cortex in suppressing responses to salient, but otherwise irrelevant events while the basal ganglia appear to be involved in executing these behavioral responses.

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A Possible Pathophysiologic Substrate of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

Cited by 238 publications

References 41 publications

Animal models of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a critical review

Animal models of attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a critical review

Clinical correlations of grey matter reductions in the caudate nucleus of adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

Implication of Right Frontostriatal Circuitry in Response Inhibition and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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