A Possible Dynamic Mechanism for Rapid Production of the Extreme Hourly Rainfall in Zhengzhou City on 20 July 2021

Yin, Jinfang; Gu, Haodong; Liang, Xudong; Yu, Miao; Sun, Junyi; Xie, Yanxin; Feng, Lishuang; Wu, Cao

doi:10.1007/s13351-022-1166-7

Cited by 98 publications

(77 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…The MCV was only one of the key factors that produced the extremely strong hourly precipitation in Zhengzhou. Based on high-resolution simulations, Yin et al (2022) supposed a possible dynamic mechanism for the extremely strong hourly rainfall: the arc-shaped convergence zone associated with an intense quasi-stationary, well-organized meso-γ-scale convective system served as "multidirectional lifting pumps," which transported precipitation from different regions into Zhengzhou, and thus produced the extreme rainfall. This arc-shaped convergence zone was closely related to the MCV discussed in this study.…”

Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Of these, the “58.7” (14–19 July 1958; the middle reaches of the Yellow River Basin) torrential rainfall event (TRE), “63.8” TRE (1–9 August 1963; Hebei Province), “75.8” TRE (5–7 August 1975; Henan Province), and “7.21” TRE (21–22 July 2012; Beijing) were all famous for their extreme intensity and catastrophic destructive power. Most recently, a TRE appeared in Henan Province, which broke a series of historical records in China (Yin et al., 2022). This rainfall event lasted for a total of ∼6 days (from 17 to 22 July 2021; it was named as the “21.7” TRE in China), killed over 300 people, destroyed a harvest area of ∼1800000 ha, damaged ∼190000 houses, caused an electricity blackout of ∼3740000 households, and resulted in a direct economic loss of up to ∼114 billion Yuan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The extremely strong hourly rainfall of Zhengzhou was induced by combined factors (Yin et al., 2022) with a long‐lived mesoscale convective vortex (MCV) being one of the key reasons. In China, meso‐α‐scale (200–2,000 km; Orlanski, 1975) vortices are active in summer, of which the Tibetan Plateau vortices (TPV; Curio et al., 2018, 2019; X. Feng et al., 2014; Fu et al., 2019; Yu & Gao, 2006), southwest vortices (SWV; S.‐L.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

On the Evolution of a Long‐Lived Mesoscale Convective Vortex that Acted as a Crucial Condition for the Extremely Strong Hourly Precipitation in Zhengzhou

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

JGR Atmospheres

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Section: Conclusion and Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

On the Evolution of a Long‐Lived Mesoscale Convective Vortex that Acted as a Crucial Condition for the Extremely Strong Hourly Precipitation in Zhengzhou

Zhang

Wang

et al. 2022

JGR Atmospheres

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“…Over the past few decades, our understanding of MCSs in eastern China was improved mainly through case studies. Many of those focused on intense MCSs that triggered severe weather and natural hazards, such as the 1998 extreme floods over the Yangtze River basin (YRB) (Liu et al., 2008), the worst‐ever floods in the Huai River basin in 2007 since the 1950s (Luo & Chen, 2015; Luo et al., 2014), and more recently, the record‐breaking rainfall in Zhengzhou in July 2021 (Yin et al., 2022). However, the knowledge learned from a handful of extreme cases is not sufficient to generalize the organizations and physical characteristics of MCSs, not to mention their roles in the regional climate system (Luo et al., 2014; L. Zhang et al., 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Dual Regime of Mesoscale Convective Systems in the East Asian Monsoon Annual Cycle

et al. 2022

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Eastern China is perennially hit by mesoscale convective systems (MCSs), yet it remains an open question as to whether and how their general properties change throughout the annual cycle. By leveraging high‐resolution satellite observations and a hybrid tracking algorithm, we present a 20‐year (2001–2020) climatology of MCSs over eastern China during eight subseasonal‐to‐seasonal (S2S) monsoon stages. MCSs contribute up to 50% of the stage‐total precipitation and over 60% of the rainband‐zone precipitation during the Pre‐Meiyu and Meiyu episodes, and their contributions remain non‐trivial during the transition seasons. We discover two contrasting regimes of MCSs that alternate immediately upon the Pre‐Meiyu and the Fall onsets. The wintertime regime features fast‐propagating shallow systems initiated at night in a strongly sheared and dry environment. The summertime regime, instead, features an outbreak of MCSs in the south, where the systems often initiate in the afternoon and propagate 2–3 times slower than the cold‐season ones. Based on multivariate clustering analysis, the nighttime MCSs that dictate the winter stages often initiate over a deep nocturnal boundary layer with moist rear inflows upgliding above it. In contrast, the afternoon‐initiated MCSs under the summertime regime feature a pronounced convective available potential energy (CAPE) "tongue" and upslope flows in their southeast quadrant. The southwesterly moist ascending flows are likely to shallow the convective inhibition at the tip of the CAPE tongue and facilitate the intense updrafts of the MCSs. Findings here may offer insights into S2S weather prediction and facilitate agricultural and water management throughout the year.

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“…Many scholars have shown the influence of rainfall on the rockfall frequency [44]. Field surveys and historical statistics found a significant increase in rockfall events in the study area in 2021, especially during the extreme rainfall event in July [69]. As shown in Figure 23, cumulative displacement curves of the three active rockfall source areas in the study area were constructed and compared with the histogram of monthly cumulative rainfall in 2021.…”

Section: Response Relationship Between Rainfall and Rockfall Eventsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rockfall Hazard Assessment in the Taihang Grand Canyon Scenic Area Integrating Regional-Scale Identification of Potential Rockfall Sources

Zhan

Liu

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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Frequent rockfall events pose a major threat to the safe operation of the Taihang Grand Canyon Scenic Area (GCSA) in China. The traditional techniques for identifying potential rockfall sources and hazard assessment methods are often challenged in the alpine canyon landform. This study aims to establish an early identification framework for regional potential rockfall sources applicable to the canyon region and to assess rockfall hazards in potentially hazardous areas using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) photogrammetry. Specifically, by incorporating high-precision topographic information and geotechnical properties, the slope angle distribution method was used for static identification of potential rockfall sources. Moreover, SBAS-InSAR technology was used to describe the activity of potential rockfall sources. Finally, taking the key potentially hazardous area of the Sky City scenic spot as an example, the Rockfall Analyst tool was used to analyze the rockfall frequency, bounce height and energy characteristics based on the high-precision UAV 3D real scene model, and the analytic hierarchy process was introduced to achieve quantitative rockfall hazard assessment. The results show that the potential rockfall source areas in the Taihang GCSA is 33.47 km2 (21.47%), mainly distributed in strips on the cliffs on both sides of the canyon, of which the active rockfall source area is 2.96 km2 (8.84%). Taking the scenic spot of Sky City as example, the proposed UAV-based real scene modeling technology was proven to be able to quickly and accurately construct a 3D high-precision model of the canyon area. Moreover, the 3D rockfall simulation showed that the high-energy rockfall area was mainly distributed at the foot of the steep cliff, which mainly threatens the tourist distribution center below. The early identification and quantitative evaluation scheme of rockfall events proposed in this study can provide technical reference for the prevention and control of rockfall hazards in similar alpine valley areas.

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A Possible Dynamic Mechanism for Rapid Production of the Extreme Hourly Rainfall in Zhengzhou City on 20 July 2021

Cited by 98 publications

References 38 publications

On the Evolution of a Long‐Lived Mesoscale Convective Vortex that Acted as a Crucial Condition for the Extremely Strong Hourly Precipitation in Zhengzhou

On the Evolution of a Long‐Lived Mesoscale Convective Vortex that Acted as a Crucial Condition for the Extremely Strong Hourly Precipitation in Zhengzhou

A Dual Regime of Mesoscale Convective Systems in the East Asian Monsoon Annual Cycle

Rockfall Hazard Assessment in the Taihang Grand Canyon Scenic Area Integrating Regional-Scale Identification of Potential Rockfall Sources

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