We report improved measurements of temperature anisotropies in the cosmic
microwave background (CMB) radiation made with the Arcminute Cosmology
Bolometer Array Receiver (ACBAR). In this paper, we use a new analysis
technique and include 30% more data from the 2001 and 2002 observing seasons
than the first release to derive a new set of band-power measurements with
significantly smaller uncertainties. The planet-based calibration used
previously has been replaced by comparing the flux of RCW38 as measured by
ACBAR and BOOMERANG to transfer the WMAP-based BOOMERANG calibration to ACBAR.
The resulting power spectrum is consistent with the theoretical predictions for
a spatially flat, dark energy dominated LCDM cosmology including the effects of
gravitational lensing. Despite the exponential damping on small angular scales,
the primary CMB fluctuations are detected with a signal-to-noise ratio of
greater than 4 up to multipoles of l=2000. This increase in the precision of
the fine-scale CMB power spectrum leads to only a modest decrease in the
uncertainties on the parameters of the standard cosmological model. At high
angular resolution, secondary anisotropies are predicted to be a significant
contribution to the measured anisotropy. A joint analysis of the ACBAR results
at 150 GHz and the CBI results at 30 GHz in the multipole range 2000 < l < 3000
shows that the power, reported by CBI in excess of the predicted primary
anisotropy, has a frequency spectrum consistent with the thermal
Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and inconsistent with primary CMB. The results
reported here are derived from a subset of the total ACBAR data set; the final
ACBAR power spectrum at 150 GHz will include 3.7 times more effective
integration time and 6.5 times more sky coverage than is used here.Comment: 19 pages, 9 figures, Ap