A Portable Electrochemical Sensor Based on Manganese Porphyrin-Functionalized Carbon Cloth for Highly Sensitive Detection of Nitroaromatics and Gaseous Phenol

Abstract

Organic pollutants (OPs) have garnered a considerable amount of attention in recent times due to their extreme toxicity toward humans and the ecosystem. The need for an inexpensive yet robust, sensitive, selective, and easy-to-operate method for detecting OPs remains a challenge. Herein, a portable electrochemical sensor is proposed based on manganese porphyrin-functionalized carbon cloth (CC). To explain the electrochemical performance of the sensor, cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV) were employed. The presence of manganese(III) ion in the center of the porphyrin ligand acted as an agent for the transfer of electrons and enhanced sensitivity toward analytespecific redox catalysis. Moreover, it allowed for the concurrent detection of multiple analytes in a complex environment. The modified CC electrode can selectively detect nitroaromatic and phenolic compounds with accessible data collected through wireless means onto a smartphone device. The as-synthesized electrode demonstrated a higher sensitivity toward the detection of nitrobenzene (NB) and aqueous phenol with a limit of detection (LOD) found to be 5.9268 × 10 −10 M and 4.0178 × 10 −10 M, respectively. Additionally, our proposed portable electrochemical sensor demonstrates a high selectivity and reproducibility toward nitroaromatic and phenolic compounds, which can be employed in real complex water samples. With regard to the sensor's remarkable electrochemical performance, it is envisaged that such a sensor could pave the way for environmental point of care (POC) testing.

Versatile Metalloporphyrin‐Based Electrochemical Sensing Applications: From Small Gasotransmitters to Macromolecules

“…In this section we will discuss some of the sensors used for the detection of amino acids (L-Tryptophan, L-Tyrosine, L-Cysteine, L-Histidine), [132,133] volatile organic compounds (VOCs), [134][135][136][137][138] herbicides (dimethoate, methyl parathion, glyphosate), [139,140] relevant organic acids (nicotinic, pipecolic, uric, folic, sorbic and ascorbic acid), [141][142][143][144][145][146][147] polyphenols, [148][149][150][151] pharmaceutical compounds (sildenafil citrate, sulfadiazine, sulfamethoxazole, isoniazid, chloramphenicol, ibuprofen, trimethoprim, diclofenac, acetaminophen), [151][152][153][154] and hormones and neurotransmitters (cortisol, 17β-estradiol, levodopa, carbidopa, dopamine). [145,147,[155][156][157][158] The detection methods for amino acids and pharmaceutical compounds have been described in detail in the reviews of Cruz-Navarro et al [19] and Gonçalves et al [159] For a more detailed description of all compounds see Table S1.…”

Fe3O4 Nanoparticles Synthesized from Waste Iron Dust for Sunlight-Boosted Photodegradation of Nitrophenols and Their Mixtures

“…Various industries release waste effluents containing nitroaromatics, , such as nitrophenols (N-PhOHs), which are used in various industrial sectors such as dyes, resins, plastics, pharmaceutics, pulp and paper, insecticides, herbicides, explosives, disinfectants, etc . However, if effluents get mixed with usable water, it can cause severe health issues − and have potential to deteriorate soil fertility. , Many catalysts have already been used for the photocatalytic degradation of these N-PhOHs, such as a Cu 2 O/TiO 2 p–n heterojunction network catalyst and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP)-coated TiO 2 used for the photodegradation of para -nitrophenol (PNP), strontium-doped titania nanoplates, sugar-glass secondary organic aerosol, CuO-coated ZnO used for the photodegradation of dinitrophenol (DNP), ZnO/Pt-based Janus micromotors, and carbon quantum dot (CQD)-deposited Fe 3 O 4 @m-TiO 2 Koosh balls used for the photodegradation of trinitrophenol (TNP).…”

“…15,16 Thus, the synthesis of low-cost heterogeneous iron catalysts possessing photo-Fenton-type properties is the need of the present time and needs scientific concern for using them in wastewater treatment 17 and some other applications. 18 Various industries release waste effluents containing nitroaromatics, 19,20 such as nitrophenols (N-PhOHs), which are used in various industrial sectors such as dyes, resins, plastics, pharmaceutics, pulp and paper, insecticides, herbicides, explosives, disinfectants, etc. 21 However, if effluents get mixed with usable water, it can cause severe health issues 22−24 and have potential to deteriorate soil fertility.…”

Fast Screening Test of Apple Juice and Surface Water for Patulin Recognition and Quantification

“…In order to enhance the design of sensors and augment surface activity, it is necessary to engage in chemical modification utilizing a material that possesses electrocatalytic activity at the surface of the electrode. Manganese-porphyrin-modified electrodes have been used to electrochemically detect hydrogen peroxide, cysteine, nitrobenzene, bromate, riboflavin, and uric acid because of their high catalytic activity.…”