A populational—based survey on the prevalence, incidence, and risk factors of urinary incontinence in older adults—results from the “SABE STUDY”

Abstract

Aims: To estimate the prevalence and incidence of urinary incontinence (UI) and identify the associated risk factors in a cohort of elderly individuals in Brazil. Methods: In 2006, individuals aged ≥60 years were selected from the SABE Study (Health, Well-being, and Aging). The dependent variable was reported UI in 2009. UI was assessed using the International Consultation on Incontinence Questionnaire Urinary Incontinence-Short Form (ICIQ-UI SF). Incidence was measured in units of 1000 person-years, and Cox regression was applied for data analysis. Multivariate analysis was used to assess risk factors for UI. Incidence risk ratio (IRR) was used for comparison. Results: This is the first study to examine the incidence of UI in Brazilian elderly individuals. In total, 1413 individuals were included; the mean age was 74.5 years, and 864 (61.8%) participants were female. The risk of UI was greater among women with cancer (other than skin) and among those with diabetes. In men, the risk of UI was greater for those in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) category "5-8" and those who self-reported a "fair" health status. The prevalence of UI was 14.2% and 28.2% for men and women, respectively. The incidence rate of UI was 25.6 and 39.3 (×1000 person-years) for men and women, respectively. Conclusions: The incidence rate of UI among older adults in the Brazilian community was high for elderly individuals. The identified risk factors were diabetes and IADL category 5-8 (women) as well as cancer (other than skin) and self-reported health status (male).

Prevalence of urinary incontinence among the elderly and relationship with physical and mental health indicators

“…This study does not involve longitudinal followup and these results are likely to be the fruits of reverse causality, as while it is difficult to say that UI causes functional disability, the opposite can be stated 6,8,11,14,16,18 . One study 25 justifies this result by stating that incontinent women reduce physical activity due to fear of accidental urine loss and, consequently, there is an increase in functional limitations.…”

“…Specialized literature shows that the factors associated with its occurrence are: the female gender and advanced age [6][7][8] , non-Caucasian ethnicity 9 and the lack of or low levels of schooling [8][9][10] . Studies have shown UI as associated with diseases such as: infection of the urinary tract 11 , arterial hypertension 12 , diabetes mellitus 6,[12][13][14] , a history of cardiac disease 4 , obesity 4,6,10 , strokes 6,8,13,15 , respiratory problems 8,15 , depression 6 , cognitive deficit 16 , arthritis 12 , arthrosis/rheumatism 17 , prostatic hyperplasia 18 , a history of falls 4,17 , functional limitations, limited mobility or dependence 6,8,11,14,16,18 , comorbidity 19 and frailty 17 . in addition to these conditions, UI may be associated with lifestyle habits such as sedentiarism 20 .…”

“…There are few population-based epidemiological surveys for the study of UI in the Brazilian elderly population 6,8,14,22 , especially in relation to the magnitude of its relationship with other health indicators. Few studies have demonstrated the impact of UI on the physical and mental health conditions of the elderly population, reinforcing the importance of its use as a health marker for the investigation of other conditions, such as functional disability 24,25 , depression [26][27][28] , the self-perception of poor/very poor health 29,30 and cognitive deficit.…”

Violência contra idosos e qualidade de vida relacionada à saúde: estudo populacional no município de São Paulo, Brasil

“…Esta investigação é parte integrante do estudo SABE (Saúde, Bem-estar e Envelhecimento) e caracteriza-se como uma pesquisa epidemiológica transversal, com amostra de base populacional. [18][19][20] . Ressalta-se que, em 2010, a população de idosos residentes no Município de São Paulo era de 1.338.138 indivíduos 21 .…”

Motivos de aderência das idosas incontinentes após follow-up de 24 meses de treinamento muscular

“…A Incontinência Urinária (IU) é definida como qualquer perda involuntária de urina (Haylen et al, 2010) e a sua maior ocorrência ocorre no sexo feminino (28,2%) (Tamanini, 2017) e com o aumento da idade (Marques et al, 2015). Sabese que o treinamento dos músculos do assoalho pélvico (TMAP) é fortemente recomendado para o tratamento da IU (Dumoulin et al, 2016).…”