A polysaccharide extracted from Astragalus membranaceus residue improves cognitive dysfunction by altering gut microbiota in diabetic mice

Liu, Yameng; Liu, Wei; Li, Jing; Tang, Shuai; Wang, Ma-Jie; Huang, Weichao; Yao, Wenbing; Gao, Xiangdong

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.10.041

Cited by 104 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…The difference was statistically significant ( p < .05). Accumulating evidence suggested that non‐digestible carbohydrates could be fermented by bacteria in the colon, contributing to the SCFAs production (Gao et al, ; Liu et al, ). Yang et al reported that the production of butyric acid was mainly resulted from the fermentation of galactose, mannose and galacturonic acid (Yang, Martínez, Walter, Keshavarzian, & Rose, ).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel polysaccharide isolated from Flammulina velutipes, characterization, macrophage immunomodulatory activities and its impact on gut microbiota in rats

Wang

et al. 2020

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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The structural characteristics of a novel Flammulina velutipes polysaccharide (FVP2) were explored in this study. Besides, immunomodulatory activities of FVP2 on RAW 264.7 cell and its impact on gut microbiota in rats were investigated. FVP2 has a molecular weight of 18.3 kD, and its main components include galactose (19.96%), glucose (60.66%) and mannose (19.38%). By NMR analysis, the main‐chain structure consisted of (1 → 3)‐linked‐β‐D‐Gal, (1 → 6) ‐linked‐β‐D‐Gal, (1 → 6)‐linked‐α‐D‐Glc and (1 → 3,6)‐linked‐α‐D‐Man was identified. Results of the in vitro assays on RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells showed FVP2 could significantly up‐regulate the expression of NO, TNF‐α and IL‐6. FVP2 was intragastrically administered to rats for 2 weeks. Compared with the control group, two caecal short‐chain fatty acids (SCFAs) concentration (isobutyric acid and butyric acid) and the abundance of beneficial microbiota of the FVP2‐treated group were significantly increased (p < .05) respectively. The results demonstrated that FVP2 could effectively enhance the level of butyric acid and increase beneficial gut microbiota, which could improve the intestinal barrier function and maintain the intestinal mucosal integrity, suggesting that FVP2 could potentially be an immunomodulators or a functional food to promote intestinal health.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A novel polysaccharide isolated from Flammulina velutipes, characterization, macrophage immunomodulatory activities and its impact on gut microbiota in rats

Wang

et al. 2020

Animal Physiology Nutrition

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“…Astragalus membranaceus (Astragalus) root, a plant commonly used in TCM, contains various bioactive compounds, such as flavones, saponins, and polysaccharides, which are always used as TCM to treat diarrhea. Scientific evidence shows that polysaccharides in Astragalus have multiple biological activities, including anti-cancer [2], immune-modulatory [3], anti-inflammatory [4], renal protective [5], antioxidant, antidiabetes, and cardioprotective activities [6,7]. It has been reported that polysaccharides from Astragalus (APS, MW, 3.6 × 10 4 Da) have α-(1→4)-D-glucan chain that contains one α-D-glucose at the C-6 position for every nine residues, which have shown anti-gastric cancer activity in rats [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Structure Features and Improving Effects of Polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus on Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea

Ren

et al. 2019

Antibiotics

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Astragalus membranaceus (Astragalus) is often used as a medical and food resource in China. The present study was designed to investigate the features and effects of polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus (WAP) on rats with antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD). WAP was mainly composed of glucose, galactose, arabinose and glacturonic acid, with glucan, arabinogalactan and RG-I regions, and it showed loosely irregular sheet conformation. WAP decreased the inflammatory cell infiltration of colon in AAD rats, increased propionate and butyrate production, improved metabolic levels, adjusted the diversity and composition of gut microbiota, increased the relative abundance of Pseudomonas, and decreased the relative abundance of Allobaculum and Coprococcus. In conclusion, WAP contained different types of polysaccharide regions and sheet three-dimensional conformation, while it ameliorated AAD by recovering the colon structure, adjusting the gut microbiota, and improving the SCFAs levels. The results can provide some data basis for natural products to alleviate the side effects related to antibiotics.

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“…Moreover, the structure of the two components was determined by HPLC-SEC-RID, HPLC-Ci8-UV, FT-IR and NMR analysis. AERP1 was an acidic component with a molecular weight of 2.01 × 10 6 Da and AERP2 was a glucan with 2.11 × 10 3 Da [39].…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, it is known that persistent hyperglycemia can cause brain tissue damage and cognitive impairment in diabetic patients. APS had a hypoglycemic effect on db/db diabetic mice by alleviating the hyperglycemia, tissue impairment and inhibiting cognitive impairment [39].…”

Section: Pharmacological Activitiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Systematic Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics on Astragali Radix: Implications for Astragali Radix as a Personalized Medicine

Guo

Lou

Kong

et al. 2019

IJMS

101

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Astragali radix (AR) is one of the most widely used traditional Chinese herbal medicines. Modern pharmacological studies and clinical practices indicate that AR possesses various biological functions, including potent immunomodulation, antioxidant, anti-inflammation and antitumor activities. To date, more than 200 chemical constituents have been isolated and identified from AR. Among them, isoflavonoids, saponins and polysaccharides are the three main types of beneficial compounds responsible for its pharmacological activities and therapeutic efficacy. After ingestion of AR, the metabolism and biotransformation of the bioactive compounds were extensive in vivo. The isoflavonoids and saponins and their metabolites are the major type of constituents absorbed in plasma. The bioavailability barrier (BB), which is mainly composed of efflux transporters and conjugating enzymes, is expected to have a significant impact on the bioavailability of AR. This review summarizes studies on the phytochemistry, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics on AR. Additionally, the use of AR as a personalized medicine based on the BB is also discussed, which may provide beneficial information to achieve a better and more accurate therapeutic response of AR in clinical practice.

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A polysaccharide extracted from Astragalus membranaceus residue improves cognitive dysfunction by altering gut microbiota in diabetic mice

Cited by 104 publications

References 39 publications

A novel polysaccharide isolated from Flammulina velutipes, characterization, macrophage immunomodulatory activities and its impact on gut microbiota in rats

A novel polysaccharide isolated from Flammulina velutipes, characterization, macrophage immunomodulatory activities and its impact on gut microbiota in rats

The Structure Features and Improving Effects of Polysaccharide from Astragalus membranaceus on Antibiotic-Associated Diarrhea

A Systematic Review of Phytochemistry, Pharmacology and Pharmacokinetics on Astragali Radix: Implications for Astragali Radix as a Personalized Medicine

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