A polychlorinated biphenyl (Aroclor 1254) in the water, sediment, and biota of escambia bay, Florida

Chlorinated hydrocarbons in North Sea whiting (Merlangius merlangus L.), and effects on reproduction. I. Tissue burden and hatching success

“…Although all organochlorine components have different ways of acting, and reproductive success could be impaired by effects upon sexual hormones, the use of a contamination factor is an attempt not only to take single components or add all contaminants together, but to take into consideration their different toxicities in regard to fish larval mortality. For the toxicity estimate, experimental and literature data were used from: Gagnon, 1958;Iyatomi et al, 1958;Henderson et al, 1959;Katz, 19611 Katz & Chadwick, 1961;Cope, 1965;Andrews et al, 1966;Eisler & Edmunds, 1966;Macek et al, 1969;Duke et al, 1970;Macek & McAllister, 1970;Macek & Sanders, 1970;Pimentel, 1971;Hansen et al, 1971;Merna et aL, 1972;Stalling & Mayer, 1972;Holden, 1973;Korn & Earnest, 1974;Hansen et al, 1975;Hirose & Kitsukawa, 1976;Macek et al, 1976a, b;Dethlefsen, 1977;Ellgaard et al, 1977;Hermanutz, 1978;Perkow, 1983 andHansen et al, 1985. On the basis of the information drawn from the above papers, the fish toxicity of chlorinated hydrocarbons in question could be set out as follows: Endrin = 110; c~-endosulfan and endosulfansulfate = 17.5; DDT = 9.3; DDE = 9.3; aldrin = 7.3; dieldrin = 7.1; heptachlorepoxid = 6.8; heptachlor = 3.4; methoxychlor = 1.8; hndane (y-BHC) = 1.7; PCBs ---1.0.…”

Pollution effects on fisheries — potential management activities

“…Several studies elsewhere have provided evidence that this hope can be realized, however slowly. Examples include the reduced levels of DDT in sediments on the California coast following elimination of contaminated effluent (MacGregor, 1971(MacGregor, , 1976, and reduced PCB contamination in Escambia Bay, Florida, as a result of expressed public concern about chemical plant effluents containing the pollutant (Duke et al, 1970). Numerous other localized positive responses to pollution abatement needs could be cited, but most of them are in fresh waters, and many of the steps taken result in decreases in river pollution but increases in estuarine/coastal pollution.…”

Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) on a Marine Plankton Population and Sedimentation in Controlled Ecosystem Enclosures

“…Toxicological studies revealed low acute toxicity of PCBs to aquatic invertebrates and vertebrates (Duke et al, 1970;Hansen et al, 1974). But it has been reported that PCBs inhibited the growth in several algal species and changed the species composition of algae in laboratory (Mosser et al, 1972) as well as in natural water (O'Connors et al, 1978).…”