“…Cell splitting (Andrews et al, ; Bhushan et al, ), realized using directional radiation patterns of sector antennas, which makes the frequency reuse possible and further enhances spectrum efficiency, appears to be the most appealing. Based on the scenario of splitting large cells into smaller cells, cell sectorization (Athley et al, ; Lee et al, ), which adopts broader frequency bandwidth, dual‐polarization channels (Cui et al, ; Luo et al, ), spatial diversity‐based multi‐input‐multioutput (Larsson et al, ; Ngo et al, ), and multibeam coverage technologies (Ericson et al, ; Swales et al, ), has been developed to fulfill communication requirements. The development trend tends to realize these functionalities on a single set of antennas for base transceiver system miniaturization owing to the increasing difficulty of identifying proper locations and the space to install them.…”