A plant chitinase controls cortical infection thread progression and nitrogen-fixing symbiosis

Małolepszy, Anna; Kelly, Simon; Sørensen, Kasper K.; James, Euan K.; Kalisch, Christina; Bozsóki, Zoltán; Panting, Michael; Andersen, Stig U.; Sato, Shusei; Tao, Ke; Jensen, Dorthe Bødker; Vinther, Maria; Jong, Noor de; Madsen, Lene Heegaard; Umehara, Yosuke; Gysel, Kira; Berentsen, Mette U; Blaise, Mickaël; Jensen, Knud J.; Thygesen, Mikkel B.; Sandal, Niels; Andersen, Kasper R.; Radutoiu, Simona

doi:10.7554/elife.38874

Cited by 38 publications

(31 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Downstream of the Nod factor signaling pathway, paralogous Nod factor hydrolases MtNFH1 (NOD FACTOR HYDROLASE1) and LjCHIT5 (CHITINASE5) cleave the lipochitooligosaccharidic backbone of Nod factors produced by their respective symbionts ( Figure 3). This degradation of Nod factors appears to be crucial for rhizobial infection, colonization, and nodule formation (Cai et al, 2018;Malolepszy et al, 2018). Interestingly, delays in nodule formation by aberrant Nod factor-producing strains were abolished in Ljchit5 mutants, implicating Nod factor hydrolysis in partner recognition (Malolepszy et al, 2018).…”

Section: Nod Factor Signaling and The Common Symbiotic Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This degradation of Nod factors appears to be crucial for rhizobial infection, colonization, and nodule formation (Cai et al, 2018;Malolepszy et al, 2018). Interestingly, delays in nodule formation by aberrant Nod factor-producing strains were abolished in Ljchit5 mutants, implicating Nod factor hydrolysis in partner recognition (Malolepszy et al, 2018).…”

Section: Nod Factor Signaling and The Common Symbiotic Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Celebrating 20 Years of Genetic Discoveries in Legume Nodulation and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation

Roy¹,

Liu²,

Nandety³

et al. 2019

Plant Cell

482

484

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Since 1999, various forward-and reverse-genetic approaches have uncovered nearly 200 genes required for symbiotic nitrogen fixation (SNF) in legumes. These discoveries advanced our understanding of the evolution of SNF in plants and its relationship to other beneficial endosymbioses, signaling between plants and microbes, the control of microbial infection of plant cells, the control of plant cell division leading to nodule development, autoregulation of nodulation, intracellular accommodation of bacteria, nodule oxygen homeostasis, the control of bacteroid differentiation, metabolism and transport supporting symbiosis, and the control of nodule senescence. This review catalogs and contextualizes all of the plant genes currently known to be required for SNF in two model legume species, Medicago truncatula and Lotus japonicus, and two crop species, Glycine max (soybean) and Phaseolus vulgaris (common bean). We also briefly consider the future of SNF genetics in the era of pan-genomics and genome editing.

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Section: Nod Factor Signaling and The Common Symbiotic Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Nod Factor Signaling and The Common Symbiotic Pathwaymentioning

confidence: 99%

Celebrating 20 Years of Genetic Discoveries in Legume Nodulation and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation

Roy¹,

Liu²,

Nandety³

et al. 2019

Plant Cell

482

484

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…To better investigate this unexpected difference in AM marker gene expression, we anayzed the regulation of three AM-induced chitinases (Salzer et al, 2000;Kremer et al, 2013;Malolepszy et al, 2018) in fully developed mycorrhizal roots, at dpi: MtChitIII.2, MtChitIII.3 and MtChitIII.4. In our hands, only MtChitIII.2 and MtChitIII.4 were upregulated in inoculated plants compared to controls (Fig.…”

Section: Plant Am Marker Genes Are Regulated In Response To Co Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short chain chito-oligosaccharides promote arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in Medicago truncatula

Volpe

Carotenuto

Berzero

et al. 2020

Carbohydrate Polymers

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During the establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis, the fungus and the host plant exchange chemical signals that are crucial to reciprocal recognition. Short-chain chitin oligomers (CO) released by AM fungi are known to trigger symbiotic signaling in all host plant species tested. Here we applied exogenous CO, derived from crustacean exoskeleton, to pot-grown Medicago truncatula inoculated with the AM fungus Funneliformis mosseae and investigated root colonization, plant gene regulation and biomass production. CO treatment strongly promoted AM colonization with significant increases in arbuscule development, biomass production and photosynthetic surface compared to untreated mycorrhizal plants. Gene expression analyses indicated that CO treatment anticipated the expression of MtBCP and MtPT4 plant symbiotic markers, during the first two weeks post inoculation. Altogether, our results provide evidence that plant treatment with symbiotic fungal elicitors, anticipated and enhanced AM development, encouraging the use of CO to promote AM establishment in sustainable agricultural practices.

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“…Regulation of LCO perception involves their degradation by host hydrolases in the rhizosphere and symbiotic tissues (Tian et al, 2013;Cai et al, 2018;Malolepszy et al, 2018). This might explain why diverse doses of LCOs trigger similar symbiotic responses and Fig.…”

Section: Differential Immunity Suppression By Lcos In Symbiotic and Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipo‐chitooligosaccharide signalling blocks a rapid pathogen‐induced ROS burst without impeding immunity

et al. 2018

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Summary Molecular signals released by microbes at the surface of plant roots and leaves largely determine host responses, notably by triggering either immunity or symbiosis. How these signalling pathways cross‐talk upon coincident perception of pathogens and symbionts is poorly described in plants forming symbiosis. Nitrogen fixing symbiotic Rhizobia spp. and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi produce lipo‐chitooligosaccharides (LCOs) to initiate host symbiotic programmes. In Medicago truncatula roots, the perception of LCOs leads to reduced efflux of reactive oxygen species (ROS). By contrast, pathogen perception generally triggers a strong ROS burst and activates defence gene expression. Here we show that incubation of M. truncatula seedlings with culture filtrate (CF) of the legume pathogen Aphanomyces euteiches alone or simultaneously with Sinorhizobium meliloti LCOs, resulted in a strong ROS release. However, this response was completely inhibited if CF was added after pre‐incubation of seedlings with LCOs. By contrast, expression of immunity‐associated genes in response to CF and disease resistance to A. euteiches remained unaffected by LCO treatment of M. truncatula roots. Our findings suggest that symbiotic plants evolved ROS inhibition response to LCOs to facilitate early steps of symbiosis whilst maintaining a parallel defence mechanisms toward pathogens.

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A plant chitinase controls cortical infection thread progression and nitrogen-fixing symbiosis

Cited by 38 publications

References 53 publications

Celebrating 20 Years of Genetic Discoveries in Legume Nodulation and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation

Celebrating 20 Years of Genetic Discoveries in Legume Nodulation and Symbiotic Nitrogen Fixation

Short chain chito-oligosaccharides promote arbuscular mycorrhizal colonization in Medicago truncatula

Lipo‐chitooligosaccharide signalling blocks a rapid pathogen‐induced ROS burst without impeding immunity

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