A pilot study of the relationship between caries experience and surface enamel fluoride in man

DePaola, P.F.; Brudevold, F.; Aasenden, R.; Moreno, E.C.; Englander, Harold R.; Bakhos, Y.; Bookstein, Fred L.; Warram, James H.

doi:10.1016/0003-9969(75)90067-9

Cited by 51 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…In previous pilot studies in this laboratory, even three months continual storage of enamel in APF gels resulted in no discernable etch microscopically. 5 The increased uptake of fluoride from toothpaste when the enamel is first acid-etched prior to resin bonding, confirms that found by De Paula et al 16 in that it resulted in a doubling of the amount of fluoride ion taken up. This does not indicate the need for such etching of teeth prior to fluoride contact, but rather confirms that it may be useful to coat a tooth with a neutral topical fluoride agent following extensive acidetching for resin placement.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Comparative uptake of fluoride ion into enamel from various topical fluorides in vitro

Pai

McIntyre

Tadić

et al. 2007

Australian Dental Journal

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Background: There are many forms of topical fluoride available today, making the decision as to which is most effective to manage the immediate caries risk problem at hand, very difficult. The objective of this project was to determine the concentration and pattern of fluoride ion uptake into enamel from a variety of categories of topical fluoride recently available in Australia. Methods: Extracted, intact molar teeth were sectioned to provide six plates of smooth surface enamel. Windows of enamel 2 x 6mm were exposed to a variety of topical fluorides for periods simulating those used in vivo. Following drying, the slates of enamel were exposed to 2ml of 0.1M HCl as a chemical biopsy agent for incremental periods of time. The concentrations of fluoride ion in the biopsy solutions for both test and background (control) slates of enamel were determined directly using a fluoride combination selective electrode in conjunction with a high impedance pH meter. Cumulative amounts of fluoride were determined for each topical fluoride agent. Results: The concentrations of fluoride ion taken up into enamel were generally proportional to those present in each agent. However, those from APF gel greatly exceeded the amounts taken up from NaF gel. Also, the concentrations taken up from some of the highly concentrated metal fluorides were surprisingly low. Prior etching of enamel increased uptake and prolonged application of APF gel provided no extra benefit. Conclusions: Some topical fluorides, e.g., APF gel, provided a greatly increased uptake and to a greater depth than other self-application products. However, the frequency of its use should be considered with caution where patients have glassbased restorations.Key words: Fluoride, biopsy, acidulation, etching, uptake.Abbreviations and acronyms: APF gel = acidulated phosphate fluoride gel; DDW = deionized distilled water.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 77%

Comparative uptake of fluoride ion into enamel from various topical fluorides in vitro

Pai

McIntyre

Tadić

et al. 2007

Australian Dental Journal

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“…It has not been possible to demonstrate a clear-cut inverse relationship between fluoride content of surface enamel and dental caries [DePaola et al, 1975;Poulsen and Larsen, 1975;Richards et al, 1977;Schamschula et al, 1979;Spector and Curzon, 1979]. In vitro experimental caries using gel techniques has shown exactly similar degrees of lesion development in teeth from low-and 'optimal'-fluoride areas [Kidd et al, 1980] and shark enamel containing fluorapatite develops caries lesions in an in situ model [Ögaard et al, 1988].…”

Section: Fluoride and Dental Cariesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Paradigms in Concepts on Dental Caries: Consequences for Oral Health Care

2004

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Kuhn proposed in his Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962) that the theoretical framework of a science (paradigm) determines how each generation of researchers construes a causal sequence. Paradigm change is infrequent and revolutionary; thereafter previous knowledge and ideas become partially redundant. This paper discusses two paradigms central to cariology. The first concerns the most successful caries-preventive agent: fluoride. When it was thought that fluoride had to be present during tooth mineralisation to ‘improve’ the biological apatite and the ‘caries resistance’ of the teeth, systemic fluoride administration was necessary for maximum benefit. Caries reduction therefore had to be balanced against increasing dental fluorosis. The ‘caries resistance’ concept was shown to be erroneous 25 years ago, but the new paradigm is not yet fully adopted in public health dentistry, so we still await real breakthroughs in more effective use of fluorides for caries prevention. The second paradigm is that caries is a transmittable, infectious disease: even one caused by specific microorganisms. This paradigm would require caries prevention by vaccination, but there is evidence that caries is not a classical infectious disease. Rather it results from an ecological shift in the tooth-surface biofilm, leading to a mineral imbalance between plaque fluid and tooth and hence net loss of tooth mineral. Therefore, caries belongs to common ‘complex’ or ‘multifactorial’ diseases, such as cancer, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, in which many genetic, environmental and behavioural risk factors interact. The paper emphasises how these paradigm changes raise new research questions which need to be addressed to make caries prevention and treatment more cost-effective.

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“…As far as the fluoride content of the en- amel surface is concerned, epidemiological studies appear to have shown a rather poor relationship between the fluoride concentra tion in the outer enamel and dental caries prevalence [Gedalia et al, 1961;De Paola et al, 1975;Poulsen and Larsen, 1975;Bischoff et al, 1976;Englander and Mellberg, 1976;Richards et al, 1977; Shern et al, 1977], The aim of the present study was to in vestigate the influence of surface enamel on the susceptibility of the tissue to acid attack by exposing both unabraded and abraded surfaces to an identical artificial caries sys tem, an acidified gelatin gel [Silverstone, …”

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confidence: 99%

Influence of Fluoride in Surface Enamel and Degree of Dental Fluorosis on Caries Development in vitro

Thylstrup¹,

Fejerskov²,

Bruun³

1980

Caries Res

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of surface enamel on the susceptibility of the tissue to acid attack by exposing both unabraded and abraded surfaces to an identical artificial caries system. Enamel from teeth developed in ‘low’, ‘optimal’ and ‘high’ fluoride areas was used for the experiment and the fluoride content of the surface enamel under test was sampled. Results confirmed the protective nature of surface enamel and the resistance of the fluorosed tissue to the artificial caries process. However, no difference was found between enamel from low and optimal fluoride areas in either the fluoride content of the surface enamel or its susceptibility to acid attack. It is, therefore, suggested that the cariostatic effect of fluoride in optimal fluoride areas may well be a result of its topical effect.

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A pilot study of the relationship between caries experience and surface enamel fluoride in man

Cited by 51 publications

References 13 publications

Comparative uptake of fluoride ion into enamel from various topical fluorides in vitro

Comparative uptake of fluoride ion into enamel from various topical fluorides in vitro

Changing Paradigms in Concepts on Dental Caries: Consequences for Oral Health Care

Influence of Fluoride in Surface Enamel and Degree of Dental Fluorosis on Caries Development in vitro

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