A pilot study—is there a role for mitoxantrone pleurodesis in the management of pleural effusion due to lung cancer?

Pleurodesis

“…Chambers [7]. Multiple substances or interventions on the pleura have been used to achieve pleurodesis, all with the purpose of generating fibrosis and adhesion between pleurae, starting with talc [8][9][10], iodized talc [7,11], silver nitrate [12], iodine [13], extending to the use of antimicrobials such as tetracycline [14,15], doxycycline [16][17][18][19][20], minocycline [18,21] tigecycline [22,23], quinacrine [24], mepacrine [25], cytotoxics such as bleomycin [18,19], mitomycin [26,27], mitoxantrone [28,29], platinum derivatives [30,31], bacterial agents such as Corynebacterium parvum [32], OK-432 (a derivative of Streptococcus) [26,33], Staphylococcus superantigens [26,34,35], lipoteichoic acid [36], reaching haematic patches [37][38][39], hypertonic glucose [40][41][42], mistletoe-derived substances such as Viscum album [43][44]…”