A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review on Cynomorium songaricum as Functional and Medicinal Food

Abstract

Cynomorium songaricum Rupr. (CSR) has a long history of being widely used as a functional food and medicine by different ethnic groups worldwide; CSR is used to treat impotence and premature ejaculation and traditionally used as natural source of tonic food. Numerous bioactive compounds linked with human health were recently identified. In this work, all available information on CSR were retrieved from NCBI PubMed and CNKI database, and the recent findings about the compositions and functions of CSR were summarized. At least 76 bioactive compounds, including flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, organic acids, saccharides, glycosides, and phloroglucinol adducts, were isolated and identified in CSR. These compounds render CSR with pharmacological functions, such as anti-aging, anti-oxidation, anti-fatigue, and anti-HIV activities, and the effects of CSR on immune system, nervous system, reproductive system, and other bioactivities were well reviewed; results serve as valuable data for further research and for development of human health-related products. However, studies on CSR were far from perfect, and further research is warranted. This paper highlights the components and pharmacological functions of CSR, with the aim to provide a comprehensive review and useful data for future studies and for the development of relevant food products.

Correlation in Chemical Metabolome and Endophytic Mycobiome in Cynomorium songaricum from Different Desert Locations in China

“…To date, the understanding of secondary metabolites of interest in C. songaricum is still limited, only 78 compounds have been isolated and identified, belonging to flavonoids, terpenoids, steroids, organic acids, and phloroglucinol adducts. 11 Although some of these compounds exhibit some pharmacological activity, they do not achieve all the pharmacological activity exhibited by the whole plant. 12 Studies have shown that each plant is composed of thousands of compounds, and many yet undefined compounds with trace amounts also influence the overall pharmacological activity.…”

Antioxidant Effect of GOYO-11 Against Aspirin-Induced Gastric Ulcer in Rats

“…Based on the fundamental theories of the Traditional Mongolian Medicine, the therapeutic effects of GOYO-11 formulation, which is mainly formulated by Cynomorium songaricum according to the traditional pharmaceutical theory and techniques, has been studied in the process of the treatment of gastric ulcer. Cuiet et al [8] found that the Cynomorium songaricum protected the gastric mucosa against different ulcer-mimicking induction models (ethanol, NSAIDs, stress and pyloric ligation) through multiple mechanisms of action, such as cytoprotection, antioxidants. The present study demonstrated the gastroprotective effect of three different doses of GOYO-11 on aspirin-induced gastric ulcers in rats.…”

“…Many components have been isolated from C.Songaricum and identi ed. Cuiet et al found that the signi cant constituents in medicinal preparations of C.Songaricum are avonoids, terpenoids, steroids, organic acids, polysaccharides, saccharides, and glycosides and phloroglucinol adducts [8]. The pharmacological properties of C.Songaricum include improved kidney function, clearing free radicals, anti-aging, anti-oxidation, anti-fatigue, and anti-anoxia, anti-stress, anti-HIV activities, stimulating immunologic functions, enhancing sexual functions and others.…”

Screening of the antioxidant and antibacterial effects of extracted essential oils from Thunbergia coccinea, Acacia polyacantha, Polygonum micrpcephallum, Abies spectabilis and Clerodendrum colebrookianum

“…The novel antibiotics and correlated chemotherapeutic agents' research are elevating and enriching the chemistry of medicinal plants (33,34). Medicinal plants are a dominant origin of antioxidants (35). The discovery of different natural antioxidants from plant sources heightens the antioxidant amplitude of the blood and leads to the depletion of the perils from certain infections (36,37).…”