A physical model for low-frequency electromagnetic induction in the near field based on direct interaction between transmitter and receiver electrons

Abstract

A physical model of electromagnetic induction is developed which relates directly the forces between electrons in the transmitter and receiver windings of concentric coaxial finite coils in the near-field region. By applying the principle of superposition, the contributions from accelerating electrons in successive current loops are summed, allowing the peak-induced voltage in the receiver to be accurately predicted. Results show good agreement between theory and experiment for various receivers of different radii up to five times that of the transmitter. The limitations of the linear theory of electromagnetic induction are discussed in terms of the non-uniform current distribution caused by the skin effect. In particular, the explanation in terms of electromagnetic energy and Poynting’s theorem is contrasted with a more direct explanation based on variable filament induction across the conductor cross section. As the direct physical model developed herein deals only with forces between discrete current elements, it can be readily adapted to suit different coil geometries and is widely applicable in various fields of research such as near-field communications, antenna design, wireless power transfer, sensor applications and beyond.

A Novel Model of Unipolar Induction Phenomena Based on Direct Interaction Between Conductor Charges

“…It has been demonstrated that it is consistent with Maxwell's equations [54][55][56][57][58]. Research into Weberian electrodynamics has received a significant contribution from Assis [38,55,[59][60][61] and has been applied to several pure and applied problems [43,52,57,[62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70][71].…”

Control of the Nanoparticles Content in Cosmetic Medicines

“…Voltage (U) on the induction coil of unit B resulted from the excitation of oscillations of magnetic nanoparticles in the target area of the medium under the action of ultrasonic radiation. Accordingly to the Faraday's law on electromagnetic induction, the resulting U should be proportional to the magnitude of the nanoparticles' total magnetic field at the detector's location and their speed relative to the detector 12 . In turn, field Ha and U are proportional to the concentration (K) of the nanoparticles in the moving solution.…”

Investigating Electron Beam Deflections by a Long Straight Wire Carrying a Constant Current Using Direct Action, Emission-Based and Field Theory Approaches of Electrodynamics

“…For example, the forces between steady currents and motional electromagnetic induction are identified with the velocity terms in the Weber force formula, while transformer induction is explained through the acceleration terms [13]. Finally, such an approach has potential advantages in a number of fields such as applied electromagnetics [14], and charge particle dynamics [15,16].…”