A physical, chemical, and mechanical study of lumbar vertebrae from normal, ovariectomized, and nandrolone decanoate-treated cynomolgus monkeys (macaca fascicularis)

A three-scale finite element investigation into the effects of tissue mineralisation and lamellar organisation in human cortical and trabecular bone

“…Furthermore, although there is disagreement as to whether osteoporosis affects the mineral crystal size (Rubin et al 2003), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) studies (Baud et al 1976;Boskey 1990) and Fourier transform infrared micro-spectroscopy (FTRIM) (Gadeleta et al 2000) have reported that mineral crystal size increases with the onset of osteoporosis and the results here suggest that the crystal dimensions would contribute to changes in the tissue level response in osteoporotic bone.…”

“…lamellar orientation (Hofmann et al 2006). Furthermore, significant compositional (Dickenson et al 1981;Li and Aspden 1997;Boyde et al 1998;Gadeleta et al 2000;Zioupos 2000;Brennan et al 2011a) and structural (Augat and Schorlemmer 2006) changes are known to arise during diseases such as osteoporosis. However, due to the complex hierarchical arrangement of the constituent materials, precisely how small changes in mineral/collagen composition can affect the mechanical behaviour at the level of the whole bone is not clear.…”

Towards new material biomarkers for fracture risk

“…Ovx) [18,27,58], our specimens have fractured and therefore present particularly compromised material. Further the power of some previous studies [20,24,35] may be insufficient to demonstrate the significant differences observed within our work.…”

“…In contrast other studies were unable to detect differences in the lattice parameters of osteoporotic bone [35]. As a further bone characteristic measured by FTIR, it has been reported that for osteoporotic tissues the mineral to organic ratio is lower than that of normal bone [18,30]. Thus in general, the literature contains several previous studies of bone physicochemical characteristics but these very often provide apparently conflicting findings and results.…”

“…An increase in both crystallite size and carbonate content was reported by Gadeleta et al [18]. Several reports have been unable to demonstrate significant differences between osteoporotic and normal bone tissue when considering crystallite size [20,27,35] although a review by Boskey in 2003 reported that the general consensus accepts that osteoporotic bone mineral has larger crystallites than the nonosteoporotic counterparts [19].…”