A phylogenetic and biogeographic study of Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) in the Philippines: Limited dispersal and high island endemism

Pelser, Pieter B.; Nickrent, Daniel L.; Ee, Benjamin W. van; Barcelona, Julie F.

doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2019.106555

Cited by 25 publications

(46 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…However, another dispersal pathway from Borneo, passing through the Wallace Line into Sulawesi and Moluccas, and arriving at New Guinea and Northern Australia, might also exist. An identical biota divergence on the Sunda Shelf has been also observed in Rafflesiaceae (Pelser et al, 2019) and Camaenidae (Köhler & Criscione, 2013). Expansion of these ubiquitous species may have occurred via land bridges when the Sunda Shelf was exposed due to a significant decrease in sea level (Woodruff, 2010; de Bruyn et al, 2014).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

“…This was supported by the proposed evolutionary histories of multiple tropical plant groups, such as the Piper sensu stricto ( s.s .) Miquel (Southeast Asia, 71.3 Ma; Sen et al, 2019), Musaceae (Indo‐Burma, 51.9 Ma; Janssens et al, 2016), Rafflesia (Borneo, 49.8 Ma; Pelser et al, 2019), and Dendrobium (mainland Asia, 25.20 Ma; Xiang et al, 2016). Furthermore, studies on fauna, such as the tribes Lasiini and Crematogastrini of Formicidae ants (Indomalayan, ~75 Ma; Blaimer et al, 2015, 2018) and the Indian Ethmostigmus (southern‐central parts of Western Ghats, 72.2 Ma; Joshi & Edgecombe, 2019), also suggested a long evolutionary history.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Extensive Miocene speciation in and out of Indochina: The biogeographic history of Typhonium sensu stricto (Araceae) and its implication for the assembly of Indochina flora

Low

Ooi

et al. 2020

J of Sytematics Evolution

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The Asian paleotropical flora is characterized by abundance of endemic species, high biodiversity, and complex geological and climatic histories. However, the main driving mechanism underlying such high tropical biodiversity remains unclear. Hence, the present study aimed to investigate the biogeographic origin of the Asian paleotropical flora by tracking the speciation and diversification history of a typical tropical perennial, Typhonium sensu stricto (s.s.) (Araceae), using a time‐calibrated whole‐plastome phylogeny. In particular, we tested whether the Asian paleotropic region is a macroevolutionary source or sink. We observed that Typhonium s.s. originated in Indochina during the early–middle Miocene epoch, ca. 17.24 Ma (95% highest posterior density [HPD]: 12.83 ̶ 21.99 Ma). Most of the in situ diversification within the genus Typhonium s.s. has been underway since 14.73 Ma, with an accelerated lineage diversification at ca. 15−17 Ma, which may have been triggered by the intensification of the Asian monsoon system around the middle Miocene. Furthermore, the underground tuberous stem of Typhonium s.s. might have played an essential role in the adaptation to the seasonality caused by the monsoon in Indochina. Our results also suggested that peripatric speciation may be important in the diversification of T. trilobatum and T. roxburghii. This study provides a framework for studies in biogeography and evolution of the Asian paleotropical flora.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Extensive Miocene speciation in and out of Indochina: The biogeographic history of Typhonium sensu stricto (Araceae) and its implication for the assembly of Indochina flora

Low

Ooi

et al. 2020

J of Sytematics Evolution

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“…One uninfected cutting was found to be T. papillosum (Blume) Planch., and LC-MS raw data for this sample were excluded from further analysis to rule out interspecific differences in metabolites. T. loheri is one of the six known Rafflesia host species in the Philippines (Pelser et al 2019).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Living with a giant, flowering parasite: metabolic differences between Tetrastigma loheri Gagnep. (Vitaceae) shoots uninfected and infected with Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) and potential applications for propagation

Molina

Nikolić

Jeevarathanam

et al. 2021

Planta

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Main conclusion Metabolites in Rafflesia-infected and non-infected Tetrastigma were compared which may have applications in Rafflesia propagation. Benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, here reported for the first time in Vitaceae, were abundant in non-infected shoots and may be a form of defense. In Rafflesia-infected shoots, oxylipins, which mediate immune response, were elevated. Abstract Endemic to the forests of Southeast Asia, Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) is a genus of holoparasitic plants producing the largest flowers in the world, yet completely dependent on its host, the tropical grape vine, Tetrastigma. Rafflesia species are threatened with extinction, making them an iconic symbol of plant conservation. Thus far, propagation has proved challenging, greatly decreasing efficacy of conservation efforts. This study compared the metabolites in the shoots of Rafflesia-infected and non-infected Tetrastigma loheri to examine how Rafflesia infection affects host metabolomics and elucidate the Rafflesia infection process. Results from LC–MS-based untargeted metabolomics analysis showed benzylisoquinoline alkaloids were naturally more abundant in non-infected shoots and are here reported for the first time in the genus Tetrastigma, and in the grape family, Vitaceae. These metabolites have been implicated in plant defense mechanisms and may prevent a Rafflesia infection. In Rafflesia-infected shoots, oxygenated fatty acids, or oxylipins, and a flavonoid, previously shown involved in plant immune response, were significantly elevated. This study provides a preliminary assessment of metabolites that differ between Rafflesia-infected and non-infected Tetrastigma hosts and may have applications in Rafflesia propagation to meet conservation goals.

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“…Before 2002 only two species of Rafflesia were thought to be known from the Philippines (subsequently two additional, long-overlooked species came to light), and, as in Nepenthes , the genus was thought to be most diverse in Borneo and Sumatra. Intensive fieldwork in remaining patches of forest in the Philippines, however, has raised species numbers steadily from two species in 2002 to 13 species in 2019, and Philippines now is the most species-diverse country for Rafflesia globally ( Barcelona, Pelser & Cajano, 2007 ; Barcelona et al, 2009 ; Pelser et al, 2013 , 2019 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nepenthes maximoides(Nepenthaceae) a new, critically endangered (possibly extinct) species in Sect.Alataefrom Luzon, Philippines showing striking pitcher convergence withN. maxima(Sect. Regiae) of Indonesia

King

Cheek

2020

PeerJ

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Nepenthes maximoides sp. nov. (Sect. Alatae) is described and assessed as Critically Endangered (Possibly Extinct) from Luzon, Philippines and appears unrecorded in 110 years. The spectacular, large, narrowly funnel-shaped upper pitchers, lids with recurved basal and filiform apical appendages, unlike any other species in the Philippines, closely resemble those of N. maxima (Sect. Regiae) of Sulawesi–New Guinea, likely due to convergent evolution. Following recent phylogenomic analysis, sect. Alatae is divided into two, Sect. Alatae sensu stricto of Luzon to Sibuyan (including N. maximoides), and Sect. Micramphorae, expanded and recircumscribed to encompass those species of the southern Visayas, and Mindanao. A key is provided to the six species now recognised in the newly narrowly recircumscribed Sect. Alatae. The number of Nepenthes species recorded from Luzon has increased from two in 2001, to eight in 2020, all but one of which are endemic to that island, and four of which appear to be point endemics.

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A phylogenetic and biogeographic study of Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) in the Philippines: Limited dispersal and high island endemism

Cited by 25 publications

References 73 publications

Extensive Miocene speciation in and out of Indochina: The biogeographic history of Typhonium sensu stricto (Araceae) and its implication for the assembly of Indochina flora

Extensive Miocene speciation in and out of Indochina: The biogeographic history of Typhonium sensu stricto (Araceae) and its implication for the assembly of Indochina flora

Living with a giant, flowering parasite: metabolic differences between Tetrastigma loheri Gagnep. (Vitaceae) shoots uninfected and infected with Rafflesia (Rafflesiaceae) and potential applications for propagation

Nepenthes maximoides(Nepenthaceae) a new, critically endangered (possibly extinct) species in Sect.Alataefrom Luzon, Philippines showing striking pitcher convergence withN. maxima(Sect. Regiae) of Indonesia

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