A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Family Dermatophilaceae

Stackebrandt, Erko; Kroppenstedt, Reiner M.; Fowler, Valerie J.

doi:10.1099/00221287-129-6-1831

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…There are also marked chemotaxonomic differences between the new isolate and other previously described members of the high-G+C-content gram-positive coccus group, including members of the genera Kineococcus ( 3 9 , Micrococcus (25), Pelczan'a (23), and Stomatococcus (1) ( Table 2). Two gram-positive genera which contain MK-8(H4) and meso-diaminopimelic acid have been described previously: the genera Nocardia (16) and Dermatophilus (26). However, these genera are differentiated from our isolate by their hypha cell morphology.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 39%

Isolation and Characterization of Microsphaera multipartita gen. nov., sp. nov., a Polysaccharide-Accumulating Gram-Positive Bacterium from Activated Sludge

Yoshimi¹,

Hiraishi

Nakamura

1996

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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A new gram-positive bacterium was isolated from activated sludge acclimated with sugar-containing synthetic wastewater. This organism, designated strain Y-104T (T = type strain), was a coccus-shaped, aerobic chemoorganotroph that had a strictly respiratory type of metabolism with oxygen as the terminal electron acceptor. This strain accumulates large amounts of polysaccharide in its cells. Strain Y-104T has the following chemotaxonomic characteristics: it contains menaquinone MK-8(H4), its DNA G+C content is 67.5 mol%, and it contains meso-diaminopimelic acid. No previously described high-G+ C-content gram-positive coccus contains both MK-8(H4) as a major quinone and meso-diaminopimelic acid in its cell wall. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rRNA sequences showed that strain Y-104T represents a line of descent distinct from those of previously described species of high-G+C-content gram-positive bacteria and that members of the genus Frankiu are the nearest neighbors. Therefore, we concluded that our isolate should be assigned to a new genus and species, for which we propose the name Microsphueru multipurtita. The type strain is strain Y-104.Activated sludge is a rich source of aerobic chemoorganotrophic bacteria which belong to various taxonomic and phylogenetic groups, and some of these organisms may not have been described yet. The community structure of activated sludge systems varies remarkably in response to the chemical nature of the wastewater and the operational conditions, and bacteria capable of rapid uptake and accumulation of substrates from the wastewater may predominate under substrate-limiting conditions, particularly when substrate addition is intermittent (for example, in batch treatment processes). The fact that activated sludges contain large amounts of reserve materials, such as glycogen, polyhydroxyalkanoates, and polyphosphate, under certain conditions suggests that there are bacterial species that have the ability to accumulate these reserve materials. Our recent study demonstrated that a new polyphosphateaccumulating gram-positive bacterium (22), for which we proposed the name Microlunatus phosphovonis (21), is present in activated sludge showing enhanced phosphate removal.The bacterial composition and capacity for polysaccharide accumulation of activated sludge treating carbohydrate-containing wastewater have been major subjects of study (27)(28)(29)(30)34). Early reports in the literature showed that large coccusshaped gram-positive bacteria constituted significant proportions of the bacterial flora of activated sludge loaded with carbohydrate-rich wastewater (28, 30), although no detailed taxonomic study of these gram-positive cocci was performed thereafter. Activated sludge cultured under batch operational conditions with intermittent addition of substrate containing glucose showed rapid substrate uptake and accumulated substrate as polysaccharide which was later consumed slowly for the synthesis of DNA, RNA, and protein (20). Accordingly, to elucidate the mechanism of selection o...

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 39%

Isolation and Characterization of Microsphaera multipartita gen. nov., sp. nov., a Polysaccharide-Accumulating Gram-Positive Bacterium from Activated Sludge

Yoshimi¹,

Hiraishi

Nakamura

1996

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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“…M. multipartita also differs in its predominant fatty acids (iso-C,,,,, iso-CIs:o, and C18:l) and in having a lower G + C content (67.5 mol%). Representatives of the genus Dermatophilus are characterized by the formation of mycelia and by low G + C contents (57 to 59 mol%) compared with strains HKI 83T and HKI 84 (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Janibacter limosus gen. nov., sp. nov., a New Actinomycete with meso-Diaminopimelic Acid in the Cell Wall

Martin

Schümann

Rainey

et al. 1997

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

118

117

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New gram-positive bacteria were isolated from 1-year-old sludge from a wastewater treatment plant. The isolates are coccoid to rod-shaped, nonmotile aerobes that form neither spores nor mycelia. They are characterized by a peptidoglycan with directly cross-linked rneso-diaminopimelic acid (type Aly), by the presence of menaquinone MK-S(H,), and by the lack of mycolic acids. The strains have complex fatty acid patterns with i-C16:o and straight-chain saturated and unsaturated fatty acids as major components. The G+C content of the DNA is 70 mol%. The results of chemotaxonomic studies and a 16s ribosomal DNA sequence comparison support our proposal to assign these bacteria to a new genus, the genus Janibacter gen. nov.; the type species is Junibucter Zirnosus sp. nov., and the type strain of J. Zirnosus is strain HKI 83 (= DSM 11140).Both spore-forming and asporogenous actinomycetes have been screened during the last few years for useful bioactive compounds (13,39). The asporogenous organisms play important roles in mineralization of environmentally hazardous chemicals, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (22), and in biotechnological production of natural products (23,26,29).To isolate new actinomycetes with new biological activities, we investigated several samples of soil, sludge, and sewage waste. A total of 168 strains were isolated from a 1-year-old sludge sample collected from a wastewater treatment plant. Two of these isolates were found to be markedly different from the other isolates and from previously described genera in their chemotaxonomic and their physiological features. In this paper these two strains are characterized phenotypically and phylogenetically. Below we propose the creation of a new genus, the genus Janibacter gen. nov., with one species, Janibacter limosus sp. nov., for these organisms. MATERIALS AND METHODSBacterial strains and cultural conditions. Strains HKI 83T (T = type strain) and HKI 84 were isolated from a 1-year-old sludge sample from the wastewater treatment plant near Jena, Thuringia, Germany, by the dilution plate technique on plate count agar (Difco Laboratories, Detroit, Mich.). General laboratory cultivation was performed at 28°C on solid rich medium (R medium) or in liquid R medium (43), which contained 1% (wtivol) Bacto Peptone (Difco), 0.5% (wt/vol) yeast extract, 0.5% (wt/vol) Casamino Acids, 0.2% (wthol) meat extract, 0.5% (wt/vol) malt extract, 0.2% (wtivol) glycerol. 0.1% (wt/vol) MgSO, -7H,O, and 0.005% (wt/vol) Tween 80 (pH 7.2). To determine the cellular fatty acids, strains were cultivated for 24 h in liquid tryptic soy broth (Difco) at 28°C.Morphological and physiological characteristics. Colony morphology on R medium and cell morphology at different ages were determined by stereomicroscopy and phase-contrast microscopy (Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). Nitrate reductase activity, urease activity, indole production, methyl red and Voges-Proskauer reactions, hydrogen sulfide production, and hydrolysis of esculin and Tween 80 were determined as described by Lanyi (...

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“…is also the predominant menaquinone in D. congolensis (Stackebrandt et al, 1983) and in the genus Arsenicicoccus (Collins et al, 2004;Hamada et al, 2009). …”

Section: S Gobeli and Others 4048mentioning

confidence: 99%

Arsenicicoccus dermatophilus sp. nov., a hypha-forming bacterium isolated from the skin of greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) with pododermatitis

Gobeli

Thomann

Wyss

et al. 2013

International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology

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Arsenicicoccus dermatophilus sp. nov., a hypha-forming bacterium isolated from the skin of greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) with pododermatitis Dermatophilus-like bacteria were observed in histological examinations of samples of diseased foot skin from greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) living in zoological gardens in Switzerland. When grown on TSA-SB containing polymyxin B, the bacteria isolated from these skin samples formed hyphae, as is typical for Dermatophilus congolensis, but these bacteria were non-haemolytic. The closest relatives based on 16S rRNA gene sequences were the two members of the genus Arsenicicoccus, Arsenicicoccus bolidensis and Arsenicicoccus piscis. A representative of the isolated strains shared 34.3 % DNA-DNA relatedness with the type strain of A. bolidensis, 32.3 % with the type strain of A. piscis and 34.5 % with the type strain of D. congolensis, demonstrating that these strains do not belong to any of these species. The phenotypic characteristics differed from those of members of the genus Arsenicicoccus as well as from those of D. congolensis. The G+C content of strain KM 894/11 T was 71.6 mol%. The most abundant fatty acids were iso-C 15 : 0 , summed feature 3 (including C 16 : 1 v7c and/or iso-C 15 : 0 2-OH) and C 18 : 1 v9c. MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. Cell-wall structure analysis revealed that the peptidoglycan type was A3c LL-Dpm-Gly (type A41.1). Based on genotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, the isolated strains represent a novel species within the genus Arsenicicoccus, for which the name Arsenicicoccus dermatophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KM 894/11 T (5DSM 25571 T 5CCUG 62181 T 5CCOS 690 T ), and strain KM 1/12 (5DSM 255725CCUG 621825CCOS 691) is a reference strain.

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A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Family Dermatophilaceae

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Isolation and Characterization of Microsphaera multipartita gen. nov., sp. nov., a Polysaccharide-Accumulating Gram-Positive Bacterium from Activated Sludge

Isolation and Characterization of Microsphaera multipartita gen. nov., sp. nov., a Polysaccharide-Accumulating Gram-Positive Bacterium from Activated Sludge

Janibacter limosus gen. nov., sp. nov., a New Actinomycete with meso-Diaminopimelic Acid in the Cell Wall

Arsenicicoccus dermatophilus sp. nov., a hypha-forming bacterium isolated from the skin of greater flamingos (Phoenicopterus roseus) with pododermatitis

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