A phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing DOPO derivative as flame retardant for polylactic acid (PLA)

Wang, Xinxin; He, Wentao; Long, Lijuan; Huang, Shaowen; Qin, Shuhao; Xu, Guoce

doi:10.1007/s10973-020-09688-7

Cited by 39 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…According to our previous work, the initial decomposition temperature (T 5% ) of DOPO is estimated at 249°C, and maximum decomposition temperatures (T max ) is at 328°C ( Wang et al, 2021 ). From Figure 1 and Table 1 , both flame retardants exhibit better thermal stability compared to DOPO.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Terminal group effects of DOPO-conjugated flame retardant on polyamide 6: Thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical performances

Gao

He²,

Xiang³

et al. 2022

Front. Chem.

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Two DOPO-conjugated flame retardants with or without amino terminal groups (DOPO-NH2 and DIDOPO, respectively) were synthesized and incorporated into polyamide 6 (PA6). Results demonstrated the DOPO-NH2 endowed superior thermal, flame retardant and mechanical performances to PA6 composites. With the same loading of 15 wt%, DOPO-NH2 can catalyze the PA6 matrix more effectively and result in more residues at high temperature. The PA6 composites containing DOPO-NH2 exhibited higher LOI (28.0%) compared to 25.0% for the sample containing DIDOPO, and the lower heat release capacity and peak heat release rate. Furthermore, the overall mechanical properties of PA6 composites containing DOPO-NH2 outperformed the samples containing DIDOPO, even superior to that for PA6. Such a significant difference can be mainly attributed to the existence of amino-terminal group, which can interact with carboxyl group in PA6 as confirmed by dynamic mechanical analysis, improving the compatibility between the flame retardant and PA6 matrix.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Found: 535. The DOPO-NH 2 with amino terminal groups was synthesized according to our previous work (Wang et al, 2021). Briefly, 38.91 g DOPO and 6.37 g 4, 4′diaminobenzophenone were mixed.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terminal group effects of DOPO-conjugated flame retardant on polyamide 6: Thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical performances

Gao

He²,

Xiang³

et al. 2022

Front. Chem.

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“…Therefore, there is a need to develop FFF materials with low flammability and density. Wang et al [8] , incorporated DOPO (9,10-dihydro9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide) aminated derivative into PLA to improve the flame resistance. In spite of good results, higher content of DOPO-NH 2 presented uneven dispersion in PLA matrix, with decreasing in the mechanical properties.…”

Section: Modification Of Poly(lactic Acid) Filament With Expandable Graphite For Additive Manufacturing Using Fused Filament Fabrication mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modification of poly(lactic acid) filament with expandable graphite for additive manufacturing using fused filament fabrication (FFF): effect on thermal and mechanical properties

et al. 2021

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Fused Filament Fabrication, better known as Fused Deposition Modeling®, is currently the most widespread 3D Printing Technology. There has been a significant demand for developing flame-retardant filaments. Thereby enabling them, for example, in electronics and automotive applications. In this study, commercial PLA filament was modified by the addition of 1, 3 and 5% (%wt.) of expandable graphite. The composites were reprocessed, via extrusion, into filaments for Fused Filament Fabrication. Thermal properties of the filament composites were evaluated by thermogravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Mechanical properties of thermo-pressed specimens indicated that no strong adhesion was promoted between the filler and matrix. This is a challenge with expandable graphite reported by many authors. All composites with expandable graphite achieved the V-2 rating of UL-94 flammability test. In spite of this, the results indicated that flammability of the PLA was reduced. All composite filaments were printable and prototypes were successfully 3D printed.

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“…Although adding toughening agent and natural fiber can improve the mechanical properties, the addition of flammable components will raise the concern of the flame retardant properties. Recently, a new method of construction of cross-linked structure in flame-retardant PLA was developed to improve the mechanical properties without affecting its flame retardant properties [43][44][45][46][47][48]. The preparation method is simple, and the PLA material can be endowed with good mechanical properties with low amount of cross-linked component.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanically Robust and Flame-Retardant Polylactide Composites Based on In Situ Formation of Crosslinked Network Structure by DCP and TAIC

Chen

et al. 2022

Polymers

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The addition of intumescent flame retardant to PLA can greatly improve the flame retardancy of the material and inhibit the dripping, but the major drawback is the adverse impact of the mechanical properties of the material. In this study, we found that the flame retardant and mechanical properties of the materials can be improved simultaneously by constructing a cross-linked structure. Firstly, a cross-linking flame-retardant PLA structure was designed by adding 0.9 wt% DCP and 0.3 wt% TAIC. After that, different characterization methods including torque, melt flow rate, molecular weight and gel content were used to clarify the formation of crosslinking structures. Results showed that the torque of 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA increased by 307% and the melt flow rate decreased by 77.8%. The gel content of 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA was 30.8%, indicating the formation of cross-linked structures. Then, the mechanical properties and flame retardant performance were studied. Results showed that, compared with FRPLA, the tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength of 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA increased by 34.8%, 82.6% and 42.9%, respectively. The flame retardancy test results showed that 0.9DCP/0.3TAIC/FRPLA had a very high LOI (the limiting oxygen index) value of 39.2% and passed the UL94 V-0 level without dripping. Finally, the crosslinking reaction mechanism, flame retardant mechanism and the reasons for the improvement of mechanical properties were studied and described.

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A phosphorus- and nitrogen-containing DOPO derivative as flame retardant for polylactic acid (PLA)

Cited by 39 publications

References 34 publications

Terminal group effects of DOPO-conjugated flame retardant on polyamide 6: Thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical performances

Terminal group effects of DOPO-conjugated flame retardant on polyamide 6: Thermal stability, flame retardancy and mechanical performances

Modification of poly(lactic acid) filament with expandable graphite for additive manufacturing using fused filament fabrication (FFF): effect on thermal and mechanical properties

Mechanically Robust and Flame-Retardant Polylactide Composites Based on In Situ Formation of Crosslinked Network Structure by DCP and TAIC

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