A phenomenological model of the muscle as an active composite

Mesomechanical model and analysis of an artificial muscle functioning: role of Poisson’s ratio

“…This time lag increases with increasing values of the force P 1 . This feature of the deformation of an actuator tissue is observed, for example, in studies related to muscles under isotonic electro-excitation [7,8].…”

“…). Figure 2 shows a comparison of the results of a mathematical model with experimental data for the frog sartorius given in [8,15]. An acceptable accuracy of the description of the experimental dependences indicates validity of the use of the calculated model.…”

“…as an example of the use of the developed mathematical model (7). We obtain C α =2.75 when taking account of equation (3) using the same technique as in [8] for the identification of the parameter C α . The parameter α max m =2•10 6 determined in [8] should be multiplied by twice the number of microelements N and divided by the number of the monofilaments N m at the transition to a single monofilament.…”

“…We obtain C α =2.75 when taking account of equation (3) using the same technique as in [8] for the identification of the parameter C α . The parameter α max m =2•10 6 determined in [8] should be multiplied by twice the number of microelements N and divided by the number of the monofilaments N m at the transition to a single monofilament. We can consider N m =10 4 based on the actuator width of 0.5 cm 2 and the characteristic cross-sectional area of the monofilament S f =5000 μm 2 [15].…”

“…At present, the calculation methods to estimate the kinematic and power characteristics of these actuators are based on the use of phenomenological models describing the process of the active deformation that are a combination of elastic, viscous, inertial and contractile elements [6][7][8]. The characteristics of the actuator components are identified by a test carried out using MTA in isometric (for fixed displacement) and isotonic (for fixed power) electro-excitation.…”