A phenol biosensor based on immobilizing tyrosinase to modified core-shell magnetic nanoparticles supported at a carbon paste electrode

Electrode Materials (Bulk Materials and Modification)

“…33 Finally, some biological materials, mainly enzymes, have been introduced into carbon composite matrices and the resulting electrodes used as environmental biosensors (in addition to numerous other biosensing applications 33,625,650 ). The main examples are based on tyrosinase (or polyphenol oxidase) for the detection of phenolic compounds [865][866][867][868][869] or thiols, 870 acetylcholinesterase for organophosphate and carbamate pesticides, 804,805,811 organophosphorous hydrolase for pesticides, 871 or bienzymatic systems for amperometric immunosensor for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. 872 …”

Flow Injection Biosensor System for 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetate Based on a Microbial Reactor and Tyrosinase-modified Electrode

“…Microbial biosensors based on the determination of the metabolic intermediate have not been reported for 2,4-D, while such a type of whole cell amperometric biosensors have been reported for p-nitrophenol (Lei et al, 2004;Mulchandani et al, 2005). A tyrosinase-modified electrode is one of effective transducers for phenols or catechols detection, for which active studies have been made on the development of highly efficient tyrosinase electrodes (for example, Notsu & Tatsuma, 2004;Mailley et al, 2004;Stanca & Popescu, 2004;Gutés et al, 2005;Carralero Sanz et al, 2005;Liu et al, 2005). Developments of flow injection analysis with tyrosinase electrode have been also attempted (Dall' Orto et al, 1999;Li & Tan, 2000;Notsu et al, 2002;Serra et al, 2003).…”

Tyrosinase Modified Poly(thionine) Electrodeposited Glassy Carbon Electrode for Amperometric Determination of Catechol

“…Among various immobilization procedures, covalent binding has the highest stabilization. 47,48 The enzyme is uneasy to detach from the electrode surface. The stability of covalent binding is superior to other methods such as sol-gel, physical adsorption.…”