A Pesquisa Acadêmica Como Atividade Humana: Participação De Usuários Da Saúde Mental E as Contribuições Da Terapia Ocupacional

Abstract

Resumo: A participação de usuários em pesquisas é uma tendência recente no mundo. Pesquisas deste tipo enfocam serviços de saúde, abordagens terapêuticas, efetividade de grupos de apoio e ajuda mútua, e medicação. Essas pesquisas são fundamentais para a obtenção de resultados acadêmicos que sejam representativos do grupo de usuários, além de influenciar políticas públicas que sejam efetivas e funcionais para os mesmos. Este artigo apresenta uma análise sobre como pode se dar a participação de usuários de serviços de saúde mental em pesquisas e qual pode ser o papel do(a) terapeuta ocupacional nesta construção. Percebe-se, nestes processos, quando regidos pelos princípios de autonomia, empoderamento e recovery, que vão ao encontro dos princípios de igualdade e reconhecimento, na medida em que possibilita não só a inserção no processo de pesquisa, mas também a possibilidade de vivenciar uma relação de igualdade pautada na valorização da experiência e no reconhecimento do saber dos usuários. A atividade de pesquisa pode ser um agente motivador, que mobiliza vontades, desejos, além da possibilidade de o sujeito sair da estagnação e tomar decisões. Dentro desse processo relacional, o(a) terapeuta ocupacional pode co-construir ou reconstruir a ação dos sujeitos no mundo. Entendendo que a terapia ocupacional tem como objeto de trabalho as atividades que são significativas na vida do indivíduo, a participação em pesquisa se transforma em foco para o processo terapêutico, na medida em que isso se apresenta enquanto demanda para e do próprio sujeito em questão. Palavras-chave: Academic research as human activity: Occupational Therapy contributions for consumer participationAbstract: The involvement of consumers in research is a recent trend in the world. Involving consumers in researches on health services, therapeutic approaches, effectiveness of support groups, mutual help groups, and even on medication is crucial for obtaining academic results that are representative of the group of consumers, and influence public policies that are effective and functional for consumers. This paper presents an analysis of how consumers can get involved in a research and what can be the role of an occupational therapist in such activity. When governed by the principles of autonomy, empowerment, and recovery, researches with consumer participation promote the principles of equality and recognition, allowing inclusion in the research process, and promoting the recognition of consumer knowledge. As an activity, research can be a motivator, mobilizing wills and desires. It can also be a possibility of leaving stagnation and making decisions. The occupational therapist can help this process. Occupational therapy focus on activities that are significant to the life of individuals. Participation in research becomes a focus for the therapeutic process to the extent that it presents itself as a demand for the client.

Terapia ocupacional e a expressão “produção de vida”: o que dizem as produções brasileiras?

“…Regarding the fields of the specialty of Brazilian occupational therapy, we found productions related to the following groups, according to their main subject: mental health (14 articles, 48%), social field (five articles, 17%), arts and culture (four articles, 14%), collective health (three articles, 10%), occupational therapy fundamentals (two articles, 7%) and work field (one article, 3%) (Figure 4). The articles of the mental health group address themes such as experiences in extrahospital services and their therapeutic projects in a perspective of psychosocial rehabilitation (Fiorati & Saeki, 2011); the development of autism in children and adolescents from the perspective of the family (Minatel & Matsukura, 2014); the participation of mental health patients in research and the therapeutic potential of this process, with the help of occupational therapists (Dimov & Ricci, 2016); reflections on the psychiatric hospital and the logic of abandonment (Kinker, 2012); the relationship between psychiatric reform and the world of work for mental health patients (Kinker, 1997;Luiz et al, 2018); the importance of Residential Therapeutic Services in the attention and production of mental health care Castilho, 2012); the deinstitutionalization processes of people who lived in psychiatric hospitals, understanding the Mental Health Policy (Mângia & Marques, 2004); mental health care performed in territorial services called Psychosocial Care Center (CAPS) (Ribeiro, 2014;Castro & Maxta, 2010); the different views on people with mental disorders, recognizing them as protagonists of their own lives (Ferreira et al, 2018); artistic interventions as a resource for occupational therapy together with Mental Health patients (Silva & Raccioni, 2015;Batista & Ribeiro, 2016).…”

“…Eleven articles used the expression "production of life" with the meaning of the condition of existence. They are: Occupational therapy group with young people after the fulfillment of socio-educational measures, a space for the production of life (Almeida, 2003), based in Quarentei; Deinstitutionalization and therapeutic residential services: new perspectives for the psychosocial rehabilitation field (Mângia & Marques, 2004), without references; Considerations about the daily life and housing of children and adolescents in institutional shelter situations (Luvizaro & Galheigo, 2011), which mentioned Francisco and Saraceno; Occupational therapy and therapeutic residential service in the city of Belo Horizonte, MG (Castilho, 2012), in which Saraceno, Mângia and Nicácio were mentioned; To be, to inhabit: therapeutic residential services in the city of Campinas, SP , in which there was no reference; Systematic review study on the use of the concept of everyday life in the occupational therapy field in Brazil (Salles & Matsukura, 2013), referencing Castro, Lima and Brunello; The street has a magnet, I think it is freedom: power, suffering and life strategies among homeless people in the city of Santos, on the coast of the State of São Paulo (Andrade et al, 2014), in which Marquetti was referenced; Families of children and adolescents with autism: daily life and care reality at different stages of development (Minatel & Matsukura, 2014), referring to Salles and Matsukura; Feeling of deterritorialization and the challenge of self-esteem in the experience of student housing (Gemelgo & Barros, 2015), which mentioned Magnani; Academic research as a human activity: participation of mental health users and the contributions of occupational therapy (Dimov & Ricci, 2016), in which the reference was Quarentei; Performance of occupational therapy at Consultório na Rua (Prodocimo et al, 2018), citing Ferigato.…”

Revisão sistemática qualitativa sobre avaliações de serviços em saúde mental na perspectiva dos usuários

“…Portanto, a partir da literatura estudada, construímos categorias para analisarmos os métodos utilizados em relação à participação dos usuários considerando quatro possibilidades subdivididas da seguinte maneira (11,20) :…”

“…A1: a perspectiva do usuário é tomada em 'terceira pessoa'; os usuários são assuntos da pesquisa e os www.revistas.usp.br/smad (11,14) . (11,14) . (22) .…”

“…Entendemos que a participação dos usuários em avaliações sobre os serviços de saúde é fundamental para a obtenção de resultados que os representem, além de influenciar políticas públicas que sejam efetivas e funcionais para o grupo de pessoas atendidas, valorizando o conhecimento que parte da experiência vivida, pensando formas e estratégias de potencializar o diálogo (11) .…”