A perspective view of dieting to lower the blood cholesterol

Whyte, H. M.; Havenstein, Nathalie

doi:10.1093/ajcn/29.7.784

Cited by 12 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…8 Similarly, in the present study, meat, milk and eggs were also significantly positively associated with serum total cholesterol concentration in the representative sample of the Japanese population for the years 1980 and 1990. When the results of the 1980 and 1990 surveys were compared, intakes of eggs and milk and serum total cholesterol concentration were higher in the 1990 survey than in the 1980 survey, but the standardized regression coefficients of these food products in the 1990 survey were smaller than those in the 1980 survey.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Association between Food Group Intake and Serum Total Cholesterol in the Japanese Population: NIPPON DATA 80/90

Kondo

Funahashi

Nakamura

et al. 2010

Journal of Epidemiology

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BackgroundDietary habit is one of the important determinants of health. Investigation of the association between diet and blood lipids at the food product level is more advantageous than that at the nutrient level because the results can be applied more directly to improving dietary habits for disease prevention.MethodsThe integrated datasets of the NIPPON DATA and National Nutrition Surveys in Japan conducted in 1980 and 1990 were used for analysis. The association between serum total cholesterol concentration and food group intake was examined by multiple linear regression analysis separately for sex and survey year with data adjusted for age, body mass index and total energy intake.ResultsIntakes of rice, sugar, sweets and snacks, fruit and vegetables other than green and yellow ones were lower and intakes of green and yellow vegetables, mushrooms, seaweed, eggs and milk were higher in the 1990 survey than in the 1980 survey. Intakes of meat, milk and eggs showed a positive association with serum total cholesterol concentration in both sexes while intake of legumes showed a negative association only in men in both the 1980 and 1990 surveys.ConclusionsSex- and age-specific food group intakes for 1980 and 1990 were identified, and positive and negative associations between serum total cholesterol concentration and food group intake were revealed in a representative sample of the Japanese population. The results provide some insights into the improvements in dietary habits that can be made for disease prevention in Japan.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Association between Food Group Intake and Serum Total Cholesterol in the Japanese Population: NIPPON DATA 80/90

Kondo

Funahashi

Nakamura

et al. 2010

Journal of Epidemiology

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“…This equation and others, such as Hegsted's equation (1965), were derived from studies on the metabolism of dietary lipids (saturated fat/cholesterol) performed on humans. Keys’ equation was modified by Whyte and Havenstein (1976) including saturated and polyunsaturated fats in the contents of food cholesterol (Mattson et al , 1972). This was done because cholesterol had to have more weight in the mathematical equation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Low levels of cholesterol/saturated fat index (CSI) in a Japanese–Brazilian diet

Torres

Sampaio

Castellucci

et al. 2005

Nutrition &Amp; Food Science

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Purpose -Differences in dietary patterns constitute a major component of the environmental changes experienced by immigrant populations, and have been associated with several diseases with contrasting prevalence rates in the USA and Japan. The Japanese preparations present very colorful dishes, with a wide variety of vegetables with little or no cooking, which preserves the nutritive value of vitamins. The present study was carried out to determine the cholesterol/saturated fat index (CSI) levels of some Japanese dishes using the following equation, developed to calculate the ratio between cholesterol and dietary saturated fatty acids: CSI = (1.01 Â saturated fatty acids in g) + (0.05 Â cholesterol in mg). Design/methodology/approach -Fifteen Japanese recipes consumed by Japanese immigrants in São Paulo (Brazil) were prepared and analyzed for chemical composition by AOAC methods, for fatty acids profile (gas chromatography) and cholesterol (colorimetric method). Findings -Total lipid content (g/100 g) ranged from 0.10 to 16.40, with mean ± SD values of 2.83 ± 4.10. Cholesterol (mg/100 g) ranged from 0 to 166.5, with mean values of 36.90 ± 45.61. CSI values ranged from 0.0 to 9.87, with mean values of 2.76 ± 3.19. Orginality/value -The habitual intake of Japanese foods available in São Paulo could be useful to achieve a limit of 30 per day for dietary CSI.

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“…Diversas pesquisas, nesse período, foram voltadas à busca de indicadores de aterogenicidade de dietas a partir de seus conteúdos energéticos, teores de colesterol e dos ácidos graxos saturados e insaturados 5,7,24,31,33 . Assim, à luz dos conhecimentos atuais, o presente trabalho tem como objetivos: identificar o potencial aterogênico de dietas, de diferentes classes sociais presentes em amostra populacional e analisar diferenciais de consumo de alguns nutrientes que contribuem para a aterogenicidade da dieta.…”

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Hábitos alimentares aterogênicos de grupos populacionais em área metropolitana da região sudeste do Brasil

et al. 1994

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MARTINS, I. S. et al. Hábitos alimentares aterogênicos de grupos populacionais em área metropolitana da região sudeste do Brasil. Rev. Saúde Pública, 28:349-56,1994. Em amostra representativa da população de duas áreas de estudo (568 indivíduos), Município de Cotia, SP, Brasil, foi realizado inquérito alimentar, baseado na história alimentar do indivíduo. Os objetivos foram: identificar o potencial aterogênico de dietas de diferentes agrupamentos humanos, estratificados em classes sociais e analisar diferenciais de consumo de alguns nutrientes, que conferem aterogenicidade à dieta entre esses agrupamentos. Foram analisados diferenciais de consumo, entre homens e mulheres, segundo classes sociais e tomando-se como referência o percentil 50 (P 50 ) da amostra, dos seguintes constituintes da dieta: energia, proteínas totais, proteínas de origem animal, percentagem de calorias protéicas (P%), ácidos graxos, gorduras, carboidratos. Seguindo esse critério, foram analisados perfis de dieta em relação às recomendações do National Cholesterol Education Program (NEP) no que diz respeito às calorias fornecidas pelas gorduras (G >30%), ac. graxos saturados (AGS> 10%), carboidratos (HC>60%) e colesterol (>300mg/dia). Os resultados mostraram que os diferenciais de consumo foram mais pronunciados entre os homens do que entre as mulheres. As classes sociais, entre os homens, que apresentaram maiores percentuais acima do P 50 da amostra, no que diz respeito à energia , proteínas totais, gorduras e carboidratos, foram as representadas pelos trabalhadores não qualificados, que se dedicam a trabalhos braçais com alto consumo energético e a dos pequenos proprietários e comerciantes. A classe de maior poder aquisitivo e nível educacional apresentou consumo moderado desses constituintes. O consumo de proteínas de origem animal, acima do P 50 , entre homens e mulheres, guardou relação direta com o nível socioeconômico da classe . A participação calórica das gorduras (G%) e proteínas (P%) foi diretamente proporcional ao poder aquisitivo da classe, ao passo que a dos carboidratos (HC%) guardou relação inversa. Por outro lado, o consumo de colesterol acima de 300mg/dia situou-se nas faixas de 37 a 50% e de 20 a 32% para os homens e mulheres, respectivamente. A percentagem de dietas com calorias provenientes das gorduras (G%) acima de 30% variou de 25 a 40%, para os homens e de 45 a 50% para as mulheres. A participação dos ácidos graxos saturados (AGS%) em proporções maiores ou iguais a 10 foi relativamente baixa para ambos os sexos: de 5 a 17% para os homens e menos de 10% para as mulheres. Os percentuais de casos em que a relação ácidos graxos saturados e insaturados (AGS/AGI) guardou valores menores ou iguais a l, também foi baixa para a população em geral; situou-se entre 7 e 22% para os homens e em proporções abaixo de 10%, para as mulheres. Concluiu-se que a dieta se apresenta como provável fator de risco de doenças cardiovasculares, dislipidemias, obesidade e hipertensão, para grande parte da população.

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A perspective view of dieting to lower the blood cholesterol

Cited by 12 publications

References 8 publications

Association between Food Group Intake and Serum Total Cholesterol in the Japanese Population: NIPPON DATA 80/90

Association between Food Group Intake and Serum Total Cholesterol in the Japanese Population: NIPPON DATA 80/90

Low levels of cholesterol/saturated fat index (CSI) in a Japanese–Brazilian diet

Hábitos alimentares aterogênicos de grupos populacionais em área metropolitana da região sudeste do Brasil

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