A Permanent Rumen Fistula Cannula for Cows and Sheep

Stoddard, G. E.; Allen, N. N.; Hale, W. H.; Pope, A. L.; Sorensen, D. K.; Winchester, William R.

doi:10.2527/jas1951.102417x

Cited by 14 publications

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“…We confirmed that the Schalk and Amadon method is a simple, relatively straightforward method of creating a permanent rumen fistula for research purposes in sheep, offering multiple advantages over the one‐ and two‐stage methods. No animals fistulated by this method have died as a direct consequence of the fistulation, whereas some animals died after being subjected to the other procedures . The method also avoids the complications attendant upon general anaesthesia in ruminants, such as the need for preoperative fasting, control of salivation, risk of inhalation pneumonia, hypoxia and hypercarbia, because it can be done under a local anaesthetic.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fistula site is ready for insertion of cannula when the rumen fluid starts to appear on the flank, and this varied from 7 to 15 days post‐surgery, with majority of sheep becoming ready at day 11. This is at some variance to what was previously reported …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Done under local anaesthetic, a fold of rumen wall is exteriorised through the left paralumbar fossa and clamped tightly between two metal bars, which causes the rumen to adhere to the abdominal wall while occluding the blood supply to the fold. When the fold necrotises and sloughs, a completely healed fistula between the lumen of the rumen and the outside is created …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When the fold necrotises and sloughs, a completely healed fistula between the lumen of the rumen and the outside is created. 10,11 There is little published data on the comparative safety or efficacy of the three methods. Among the complications reported with the onestage method, one study that showed 1/19 sheep developed postoperative sequelae and died, 5 1/14 sheep had excessive leakage 5 and 1/8 expelled the canula; 4 however, another study reported no major complications in 10 sheep.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Surgical and postoperative events during permanent fistulation of sheep rumen by the Schalk and Amadon method

Durmic

P²,

Wilmot

et al. 2015

Aust Veterinary J

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Surgical and postoperative events during permanent fistulation of sheep rumen by the Schalk and Amadon method

Durmic

P²,

Wilmot

et al. 2015

Aust Veterinary J

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“…Single T-piece cannulae have been used for a long time for ruminai fistulation (Quin et al, 1938;Stoddart et al, 1951;Binns and Lynn, 1959). Also, intestinal cannulation has been reported (Hinkson, 1970;Jones et al, 1971;Furuya et al, 1974;Decuypere et al, 1977;Livingstone et al, 1977).…”

Section: Please Notementioning

confidence: 99%

The digestion of complex carbohydrates in the large intestine of the growing pig: effects on nitrogen metabolism

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Section A. Physiology of dairy cattle: Part II. Physiology and Biochemistry of Rumination

Owen

1954

Journal of Dairy Research

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Since the time of the previous review in this series by the present author it has been increasingly realized that the ruminant's adaptation to its herbivorous diet is very far-reaching. The biochemical consequences of its need for coarse roughage are still being worked out and have necessitated a reassessment of the causes of bovine ketosis, of the function of lower fatty acids in its blood and of the reasons for its large requirement of cobalt. Recent work on all these three aspects of ruminant metabolism is discussed in this review. The cow's chief function is to convert into milk vegetable materials, many of which are unsuitable for human consumption. Ac-, cordingly, some of the nutritional aspects of this conversion process have been discussed in the review. The literature on the subject has been reasonably well listed, but the author cannot claim that he has not perhaps inadvertently omitted certain pertinent new work. GENERAL Sherwood & Jones(l) found that alfalfa hay plus a mixture of wheat, barley and oats gave 20% more milk than the hay alone. Milk yield was also enhanced by adding the succulents squash and Jerusalem artichoke to the hay diet. Groups of cows receiving the concentrates needed 5-6 lb. more total digestible nutrients to produce 100 lb. milk, and the authors conclude that feeding of succulents is profitable only if they produce nutrients as cheaply as does hay. Watson, Davidson, Kennedy & Sylvestre(2) compared the digestibility of rations of hay plus increasing amounts of oats. As oats increased the digestibility decreased. This effect was most marked with barley, not so marked with oats and was only slight with linseed oil meal. Feeding standards are still the subject of informed criticism in Europe(3,4,5). Nehring(3) concludes that Kellner's starch equivalents cannot be used for pigs without prior respiration calorimetry. Blaxter(4) finds large discrepancies between different methods of computing rations for livestock, and Nicholls(5) enters a plea for food recording as a complement to milk recording. The trouble with all attempts to define standards for grazing animals is the extreme variability from year to year, from field to field, from treatment to treatment and from animal to animal of the nutrients provided by grass and hay or silage. Much current research all over the world is designed to measure more accurately the nutrient intake of cattle and sheep from pasture, with a view to striking a better balance between protein and fibre in the diet, always remembering that the content of fibre biologically best for maximal production per cow may not necessarily give the maximal production per acre. This may come from more cows per acre at somewhat more fibre per cow than would give maximal production per cow. In this connexion the observations of Hancock (6) are pertinent. He points out that the maximum production per animal does not necessarily yield the greatest net returns. In practice this can be achieved by a number of cows per acre too high for maximum productivity per cow or fo...

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A Permanent Rumen Fistula Cannula for Cows and Sheep

Cited by 14 publications

References 0 publications

Surgical and postoperative events during permanent fistulation of sheep rumen by the Schalk and Amadon method

Surgical and postoperative events during permanent fistulation of sheep rumen by the Schalk and Amadon method

The digestion of complex carbohydrates in the large intestine of the growing pig: effects on nitrogen metabolism

Section A. Physiology of dairy cattle: Part II. Physiology and Biochemistry of Rumination

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