A perfusion system for in vitro measurement of human cilia beat frequency

Selwyn, D A; Gyi, Aye Aye; Raphael, Jacob; Key, A; Langton, Josephine

doi:10.1093/bja/76.1.111

Cited by 14 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…In vitro studies on cilial function have indicated that temperature, humidity, and pH are all factors that can affect performance, 119,[122][123][124][125][126] although changes in vivo in these parameters are unlikely to be very significant within the nose, because rapidly adapting changes in mucosal blood flow, glandular secretion, and nasal patency maintain homeostasis. Other endogenous confounding factors are age, 127 sex, 128 posture, 129 exercise, 130 and sleep, 131 as well as neurotransmitters and neurohormones.…”

Section: Confounding Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective monitoring of nasal patency and nasal physiology in rhinitis

Nathan

Eccles

Howarth

et al. 2005

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

176

139

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Nasal obstruction can be monitored objectively by measurement of nasal airflow, as evaluated by nasal peak flow, or as airways resistance/conductance as evaluated by rhinomanometry. Peak flow can be measured during inspiration or expiration. Of these measurements, nasal inspiratory peak flow is the best validated technique for home monitoring in clinical trials. The equipment is portable, relatively inexpensive, and simple to use. One disadvantage, however, is that nasal inspiratory peak flow is influenced by lower airway as well as upper airway function. Rhinomanometry is a more sensitive technique that is specific for nasal measurements. The equipment, however, requires an operator, is more expensive, and is not portable. Thus, it is applicable only for clinic visit measures in clinical trials. Measurements require patient cooperation and coordination, and not all can achieve repeatable results. Thus, this objective measure is best suited to laboratory challenge studies involving smaller numbers of selected volunteers. A nonphysiological measure of nasal patency is acoustic rhinometry. This sonic echo technique measures internal nasal luminal volume and the minimum cross-sectional area. The derivation of these measures from the reflected sound waves requires complex mathematical transformation and makes several theoretical assumptions. Despite this, however, such measures correlate well with the nasal physiological measures, and the nasal volume measures have been shown to relate well to results obtained by imaging techniques such as computed tomography scanning or magnetic resonance imaging. Like rhinomanometry, acoustic rhinometry is not suitable for home monitoring and can be applied only to clinic visit measures or for laboratory nasal challenge monitoring. It has advantages in being easy to use, in requiring little patient cooperation, and in providing repeatable results. In addition to nasal obstruction, allergic rhinitis is recognized to be associated with impaired mucociliary clearance and altered nasal responsiveness. Measures exist for the monitoring of these aspects of nasal dysfunction. Although measures of mucociliary clearance are simple to perform, they have a poor record of reproducibility. Their incorporation into clinical trials is thus questionable, although positive outcomes from therapeutic intervention have been reported. Measures of nasal responsiveness are at present largely confined to research studies investigating disease mechanisms in allergic and nonallergic rhinitis. The techniques are insufficiently standardized to be applied to multicenter clinical trials but could be used in limited-center studies to gain insight into the regulatory effects of different therapeutic modalities.

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Section: Confounding Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Objective monitoring of nasal patency and nasal physiology in rhinitis

Nathan

Eccles

Howarth

et al. 2005

Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology

176

139

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“…Propofol is very unlikely to have been responsible for the decrease in ciliary beat frequency, as it has not been shown to affect ciliary beat frequency when given either as a bolus or as an infusion. 9,18,19 The concentration of iso¯urane (1±4%) administered was determined by clinical response; however, all patients in this study were given iso¯urane for at least 30 min. Previous studies have shown that there are no opiode receptors on the nasal mucosa, and that morphine does not alter ciliary beat frequency.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

What effect does isoflurane have upon ciliary beat pattern: an in vivo study

Robertson¹,

Stannard²,

Passant³

et al. 2004

Clin Otolaryngol

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The effect of anaesthetic gases given via laryngeal mask on nasal ciliary beat pattern and frequency has not been studied. Anaesthetic gases such as isoflurane, halothane and enflurane are known to reduce ciliary beat frequency, but it is unknown whether they also cause cilia to beat in a dyskinetic fashion. Brush biopsies of nasal mucosa were taken pre- and post-anaesthesia with isoflurane, given via a laryngeal mask, from patients undergoing nasal surgery. The samples were observed by light microscopy, and high-speed digital video recordings were made to determine ciliary beat frequency. Using slow-motion playback, the ciliary beat pattern was scored for dysmotility, and the proportion of immotile cilia in the sample was determined. We found that ciliary beat frequency decreased significantly (P < 0.01) after exposure to isoflurane (10.24 Hz compared to 9.20 Hz). However, isoflurane did not alter the ciliary beat pattern or the proportion of immotile cilia.

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“…">Perfusion chambers: Closed perfusion chambers (Figure C) ensure a large control over the environment. They are sealed to avoid evaporation of the media, and they allow for laminar flow …”

Section: Respiratory Ciliated Samples Preparationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ciliary functional analysis: Beating a path towards standardization

Kempeneers¹,

Seaton

Espinosa

et al. 2019

Pediatric Pulmonology

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Primary ciliary dyskinesia is an inherited disorder in which respiratory cilia are stationary, or beat in a slow or dyskinetic manner, leading to impaired mucociliary clearance and significant sinopulmonary disease. One diagnostic test is ciliary functional analysis using digital high‐speed video microscopy (DHSV), which allows real‐time analysis of complete ciliary function, comprising ciliary beat frequency (CBF) and ciliary beat pattern (CBP). However, DHSV lacks standardization. In this paper, the current knowledge of DHSV ciliary functional analysis is presented, and recommendations given for a standardized protocol for ciliary sample collection and processing. A proposal is presented for a quantitative and qualitative CBP evaluation system, to be used to develop international consensus agreement, and future DHSV research areas are identified.

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A perfusion system for in vitro measurement of human cilia beat frequency

Cited by 14 publications

References 10 publications

Objective monitoring of nasal patency and nasal physiology in rhinitis

Objective monitoring of nasal patency and nasal physiology in rhinitis

What effect does isoflurane have upon ciliary beat pattern: an in vivo study

Ciliary functional analysis: Beating a path towards standardization

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