A pathway between Bernal and rhombohedral stacked graphene layers with scanning tunneling microscopy

Xu, Peng; Yang, Yurong; Qi, D.; Barber, S.D.; Ackerman, M.L.; Schoelz, J.K.; Bothwell, Tobias; Barraza‐Lopez, Salvador; Bellaïche, L.; Thibado, P. M.

doi:10.1063/1.4716475

Cited by 19 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 27 publications

(29 reference statements)

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“…Scanning tunneling microscope (STM) images corresponding to the saddle configuration has been acquired during the tip-induced horizontal shift of the top layer in a graphite sample. 11,48 In agreement with our findings, this observation indicates that the saddle configuration (defined as the "no overlap" configuration by the authors of Ref . 11) is the configuration the top layer goes through in passing from one PES minima to another (i.e., from ABA to ABC stacking on graphite).…”

Section: Analysis Of the Potential Corrugationsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…10 The important implications of this finding for a possible use of graphene in electronic devices have stimulated recent experimental studies on the horizontal shifting of graphene layers. 11 At the fundamental level, the mobility of one graphene layer onto another is governed by the shape of the potential energy surface (PES), which describes the interlayer interaction as a function of the relative position of two layers. In particular, the PES corrugation determines the intrinsic resistance to sliding 12 and the maximum energy that can be dissipated by frictional mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential energy surface for graphene on graphene:Ab initioderivation, analytical description, and microscopic interpretation

et al. 2012

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We derive an analytical expression that describes the interaction energy between two graphene layers identically oriented as a function of the relative lateral and vertical positions, in excellent agreement with first principles calculations. Thanks to its formal simplicity, the proposed model allows for an immediate interpretation of the interactions, in particular of the potential corrugation. This last quantity plays a crucial role in determining the intrinsic resistance to interlayer sliding and its increase upon compression influences the frictional behavior under load. We show that, for these weakly adherent layers, the corrugation possesses the same nature and z dependence of Pauli repulsion. We investigate the microscopic origin of these phenomena by analyzing the electronic charge distribution: We observe a pressure-induced charge transfer from the interlayer region toward the near-layer regions, with a much more consistent depletion of charge occurring for the AA stacking than for the AB stacking of the two layers.

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Section: Analysis Of the Potential Corrugationsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential energy surface for graphene on graphene:Ab initioderivation, analytical description, and microscopic interpretation

et al. 2012

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“…Only one sublattice of graphene shows up in the image, a consequence of Bernal stacking. 6,33,34 As comparison, both sublattices are visible on twisted bilayer graphene (Figure 2(d)). The K-point energy in the scanning tunneling spectrum (STS) results in Figure 2(e) is within 50 meV of the Fermi level.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A simple method to tune graphene growth between monolayer and bilayer

Lin

et al. 2016

AIP Advances

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Selective growth of either monolayer or bilayer graphene is of great importance. We developed a method to readily tune large area graphene growth from complete monolayer to complete bilayer. In an ambient pressure chemical vapor deposition process, we used the sample temperature at which to start the H2 flow as the control parameter and realized the change from monolayer to bilayer growth of graphene on Cu foil. When the H2 starting temperature was above 700°C, continuous monolayer graphene films were obtained. When the H2 starting temperature was below 350°C, continuous bilayer films were obtained. Detailed characterization of the samples treated under various conditions revealed that heating without the H2 flow caused Cu oxidation. The more the Cu substrate oxidized, the less graphene bilayer could form.

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“…The advantage of the ESQC method lies in allowing for the simultaneous description of the surface, the adsorbates in the tunneling junction, the tip apex, and the tip bulk as well as the explicit treatment of the tunneling current. Even though DFT-TH provides good simulated images of bare layered substrates such as graphite and graphene [35,[40][41][42], we will show in the following that its accuracy is inferior to ESQC for coronene on graphene. We have therefore preferred the ESQC method for all subsequent STM calculations of PAHs on graphene.…”

Section: B Stm Image Calculationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption and STM imaging of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on graphene

et al. 2015

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The structural characterization of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon molecules adsorbed on graphene is of fundamental importance in view of the use of graphene or graphene nanoribbons for electronic applications. Before reaching this point, one has to determine the structure of the adsorbed molecules. Here, we study the case of benzene, coronene, and hexabenzocoronene on a graphene layer. First, the adsorption properties of single molecules are calculated using first-principles calculations at the level of density functional theory. We benefit from a recent scheme, particularly adapted for weakly adsorbed molecules, allowing us to precisely calculate the van der Waals contribution. Then, scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) is used to produce images of self-assembled molecules comparing different theoretical approaches to experimental observations. Finally, we consider the imaging of isolated molecules, and we show how the STM tip influences the molecule position by soft mechanical interaction during the scanning process.

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A pathway between Bernal and rhombohedral stacked graphene layers with scanning tunneling microscopy

Cited by 19 publications

References 27 publications

Potential energy surface for graphene on graphene:Ab initioderivation, analytical description, and microscopic interpretation

Potential energy surface for graphene on graphene:Ab initioderivation, analytical description, and microscopic interpretation

A simple method to tune graphene growth between monolayer and bilayer

Adsorption and STM imaging of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons on graphene

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