A pathologic review of ophthalmic tumors in Kano, Northern Nigeria

Umar, Ali Bala; Ochicha, Ochicha; Iliyasu, Yawale

doi:10.4103/0331-8540.102109

Cited by 7 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…The second most common orbito-ocular tumor seen in this study was conjunctival SCC. This finding is similarly reported in other studies[41923] with incidence rates of 11.6%–18.9%, respectively. In Singapore, SCC accounted for 11.2% of malignant orbito-ocular tumors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

“…Retinoblastoma was the most common orbito-ocular malignancy similar to findings reported in other studies[4111920] from the southwest, northeast, and northwest zones of the country. However, a study[17] from the southeast zone had an incidence (38.1%) slightly lower than that from the northwest and southwest zones.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…The most common malignant orbito-ocular tumor in Asian and African adults is squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). [1819]…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Clinicopathologic presentation of malignant orbito-ocular tumors in Kano, Nigeria: A prospective multicenter study

2019

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Background: Malignant orbito-ocular tumors are major causes of morbidity and mortality in the developing countries. Their presentation, morphologic type, and management are challenging, and earlier reports were mostly retrospective surveys. Histological analysis is essential in making correct diagnosis. Here, we determined the clinical presentations and histopathologic types of orbito-ocular tumors in some tertiary hospitals in Kano, Nigeria. Materials and Methods: This was a prospective cross-sectional multicenter clinical and pathologic study conducted between June 2012 and May 2013. A structured pro forma was used to record findings, patient's biodata, clinical presentation, type of surgical intervention, and histological diagnosis. Data were analyzed with STATA version 11.0. Results: Sixty-seven eye tumors were observed among 61 patients. There were 43 males and 18 females (male-to-female ratio = 2.4:1). Patients had a mean of 13.4 ± 18.3 with a median of 4.0 (0.5–70) years with a double peak in age distribution. The most common features were visual loss (90.2%), leukocoria (59%), proptosis (55%), and fungating mass (49.2%). The symptoms were for ≥6 months in 57.4% and unilateral in 82.1%. B-scan showed retinal masses and calcifications in 13.5% and 4.5%, respectively. Confirmation by histology was achieved in 91% with the most common tumor being retinoblastoma, conjunctival squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and rhabdomyosarcoma with frequencies of 38 (56.6%), 11 (16.4%), and 6 (9.0%), respectively. Six patients were HIV positive and all had SCC. Conclusions: Retinoblastoma was the most common malignant orbito-ocular tumor observed in this study. Patients often present late to the hospital with visual loss.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Clinicopathologic presentation of malignant orbito-ocular tumors in Kano, Nigeria: A prospective multicenter study

2019

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“… 4 5 However, a few other studies found malignant tumors to be preponderant. 6 The study from Dublin reported secondary tumors to be the most common source whereas the present study reports primary orbital tissue to be the most common source of orbital tumors as was also observed in other studies. 1 The main clinical features at presentation include mass (palpable or visualized), proptosis, pain, defective vision, restricted mobility, leukocoria, and ptosis.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Experience with Orbital Tumors from a Tertiary Cancer Centre of North East India: A Pathology Perspective

et al. 2020

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Background The orbit is an anatomically complex structure comprising the globe, extraocular muscles, fat, vascular, nervous, glandular, and connective tissues. A wide variety of neoplasms can arise from different orbital structures, which can create a diagnostic challenge to the pathologists. No formal study has been conducted in this regard in North East India. Aim and Objectives This article aims to document the pattern and prevalence of orbital tumors in our institute and assess the utility of histopathological examination (HPE) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) in the precise diagnosis of these neoplasms. Materials and Methods A retrospective analysis of orbital tumors was performed over a period of 5 years from 2013 to 2018 in the department of pathology at a tertiary cancer center of North East India following all the guidelines of the institutional ethics committee. Results A total of 35 cases of orbital neoplasms, evaluated by HPE and IHC, were found, all of them being malignant tumors. The age range was 4 months to 85 years. Male to female ratio was 1.5:1. The most common tumor found was lymphoma, accounting for 10 cases (28.6%), all of which were non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL). All these cases except one occurred in adults, thus making it the most common tumor in adults in this study. Diffuse large B cell lymphoma, not otherwise specified, was the most common NHL, followed by follicular lymphoma, mature T cell NHL, extranodal marginal zone lymphoma, and B cell lymphoblastic lymphoma. Rhabdomyosarcoma and poorly differentiated/undifferentiated carcinoma jointly were the second most common tumors, totaling seven cases (21.21%) each. This was followed by melanoma (three cases), myeloid sarcoma (three cases), Ewing sarcoma/peripheral neuroectodermal tumor (PNET) (three cases), neuroblastoma (one case), and angiosarcoma (one case). Among these, rhabdomyosarcoma, granulocytic sarcoma, Ewing sarcoma/PNET, and neuroblastoma exclusively troubled the children. IHC markers including the lymphoma panel, and soft tissue ones were crucial in the precise diagnosis of the neoplasms encountered. Conclusion A variety of malignant orbital tumors may be seen in clinical practice. Management of these tumors requires a multidisciplinary approach. HPE in conjunction with IHC evaluation is of utmost importance in the veracious recognition of orbital tumors for their proper management.

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“…The incidence of orbito-ocular cancers was 40%. In studies done elsewhere the incidence of orbito-ocular cancers varies from 31.1%8 to 79.7%,9 which is a considerably high burden. Despite this high burden, orbito-ocular cancers are not among the priority cancers in our setting.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathological profile of orbito-ocular cancers at a tertiary hospital in Northern Malawi: a retrospective cross-sectional study

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveOrbito-ocular cancers are a common cause of morbidity and mortality in our population, yet these cancers have not been adequately described in Malawi. This study sought to describe the burden and histopathological profile of orbito-ocular cancers in Northern Malawi.Methods and AnalysisA retrospective review of pathology reports was done. Descriptive analyses were performed to summarise patients’ demographic and clinical characteristics, and histopathological results. A binary logistic regression was used to explore the association between demographic variables, site of lesion and cancer.Results210 pathology reports of orbito-ocular biopsies were reviewed. 60.0% of patients were female. The majority (39.5%) of patients were in the 31 to 40 age group but overall mean age (±SD) was 34.81±15.9 years. Cancer was diagnosed in 84 (40.0%) patients. Squamous cell carcinoma constituted the majority (82.1%) of cancers followed by retinoblastoma at 7.1%. Orbito-ocular cancers were associated with HIV infection (OR5.9, 95% CI 2.0 to 17.2) and intraocular tumours were 8.3 times (OR 8.3, 95% CI 2.0 to 33.8) more likely to be malignant. However, squamous cell carcinoma was the only type of cancer found in patients with HIV infection and mostly affected the conjunctiva, constituting 94.4% of cancers affecting this site. Retinoblastoma on the other hand only affected children less than 10 years of age.ConclusionCancer constituted a substantial proportion of orbito-ocular lesions in our study population, with conjunctiva being the common site. This calls for improved capacity to prevent, diagnose and manage orbito-oracular cancers in Northern Malawi and similar settings.

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A pathologic review of ophthalmic tumors in Kano, Northern Nigeria

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Clinicopathologic presentation of malignant orbito-ocular tumors in Kano, Nigeria: A prospective multicenter study

Clinicopathologic presentation of malignant orbito-ocular tumors in Kano, Nigeria: A prospective multicenter study

Experience with Orbital Tumors from a Tertiary Cancer Centre of North East India: A Pathology Perspective

Histopathological profile of orbito-ocular cancers at a tertiary hospital in Northern Malawi: a retrospective cross-sectional study

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