A passivity-based controller for coordination of converters in a fuel cell system

Abstract

The problem of converters coordination of a fuel cell system involving a hydrogen fuel cell with supercapacitors for applications with high instantaneous dynamic power is addressed in this paper. The problem is solved by using a non-linear controller based on passivity. The controller design is based on the interconnection and damping assignment approach, where the proof of the local system stability of the whole closed-loop system is shown. Simulation and experimental results on a reduced scale system prove the feasibility of the proposed approach for a real electrical vehicle.

Combined passivity based control and optimal control for energy management of fuel cell/battery hybrid system

“…x (24) The optimal control u * is that which maximizes the Hamiltonian, where constraints and terminal conditions being satisfied.…”

Advanced Passivity-Based Control for a Fuel Cell/Super-Capacitor Hybrid Power System

“…The main idea of the energy management strategy is to use the FC to supply the load and use the SCs during transients in order to stabilize the DC bus, with a proof of the stability of the whole closed-loop system. Based on the previous strategy described in [1], a saturation of the SCs current is added to consider the state-of-charge of SCs by integrating a variable 2 . The control law is as follows:…”

“…This nonlinear controller uses matrices that are related to the interconnection between the subsystems and the damping of the system to find a desired command that achieves the stability of the whole closed-loop system. M. Hilairet et al [1] applied IDA-PBC for a regular two-converter parallel system with a fuel cell (FC) and supercapacitors (SCs). In their research, some terms of the general control were set to zero in order to obtain regular control strategies.…”

Energy management and control of a fuel cell/supercapacitor multi-source system for electric vehicles

“…Therefore, it can be considered that the SC current has already reached its steady date value (i sc,ref ). By defining the virtual control variable I * sc = (1 − α 2 )I sc,ref [3], the DC bus voltage dynamics is expressed as:…”

“…In the literature, different control strategies have been considered for power supply systems of electric/hybrid vehicles powertrains. Passivity-based control has been employed to regulate the DC bus and the secondary storage element voltages of different multi-source systems (FC/SC [3], [4] or FC/battery [5] configurations). Lyapunov-based control [6] and sliding mode control [7] have also been applied to power supply systems for electric vehicles, using one or two additional storage elements (FC/SC, FC/SC/battery).…”