A parylene-protected nitrate selective microsensor on a carbon fiber cross section

Artificial Petal Effect on Nanofibrillar Parylene™ Surface

“…The Parylene dimer became Parylene monomer through a vaporization process (150 C, 1.0 Torr) and a pyrolysis process (680 C, 0.5 Torr), then was polymerized (25 C, 0.05 Torr) on the membrane surface in the chemical vapor deposition process. The mean free path of the Parylene-C molecules is on the order of 1 mm in the 0.05 Torr deposition chamber [34,35]. The Parylene monomer also permeated into the nanoholes and deposited on the sidewalls in the AAO membrane due to its high surface mobility under the high vacuum environment.…”

“…For the rough surface which satisfies the Cassie model, the contact angle (h) increases with decreasing surface area fraction of the solid in contact with the liquid (f SL ) and increasing surface area fraction of the solid in contact with 34 Y.-C. Tsai and W.-P. Shih the trapped air (f SV ). The lotus effect can be explained by Cassie's model for high contact angle and low droplet adhesion.…”

Long-lived solid state perchlorate ion selective sensor based on doped poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films

“…Commercial glassy carbon (GC) 3 mm diameter disk electrode (Bioanalytical Systems, Inc., area = 0.07 cm 2 ), pencil lead (PL) [28] and carbon fiber (CF) [29] …”

“…In their oxidized state these polymers show high selectivity toward the dopant ion, a selectivity which depends more on the size of the ion than its lypophilicity [17,18,24]. A variety of potentiometric ISEs based on doped polypyrrole (PPy) films have been reported [17][18][19][25][26][27][28][29]. The main drawback of these electrodes is their relatively rapid deterioration (over the span of a few months) due to the PPy layer's sensitivity to light and oxygen [18].…”

Voltammetric determination of nitrate in water samples at copper modified bismuth bulk electrode

“…The studies in the electroanalytical field on the determination of NO À 3 are almost based on voltammetric/amperometric or potentiometric methods. The latter involves the use of ion-selective electrodes [5][6][7][8]. Comparatively, voltammetric/amperometric techniques depend on the electrochemical reduction of NO À 3 at electrode surfaces.…”