“…In recent years, considerable attention has been devoted to meta‐heuristic methodologies based on social dynamics and/or the behaviour of live beings and inspired by nature (N. Siddique & Adeli, ; N. H. Siddique & Adeli, ). Among the most widely used techniques mentioned in this review are genetic algorithms (Mencıa, Sierra, Mencıa, & Varela, ; Paris, Pedrino, & Nicoletti, ; Park, Oh, & Park, ; Pillon, Pedrino, Roda, & Nicoletti, ), particle swarm otimization (Alexandridis, Paizis, Chondrodima, & Aliaj, ; Boulkabeit, Mthembu, De Lima Neto, & Marwala, ; Shabbir & Omenzetter, ), the harmony search algorithm (N. H. Siddique & Adeli, , ant colony optimization (Dorigo & Di Caro, ), artificial bee colony (Karaboga & Basturk, ), artificial immune systems (de Castro & Timmis, ), genetic programming (Koza, ), tabu search (Gómez, Pacheco, & Gonzalo‐Orden, ), and physics‐based algorithms (N. H. Siddique & Adeli, ) such as the gravitational search algorithm (N. H. Siddique & Adeli, ).…”