A one-step laser process for rapid manufacture of mesoscopic perovskite solar cells prepared under high relative humidity

Chen, Qian; Mokhtar, Muhamad Z.; Ke, Jack Chun-Ren; Thomas, Andrew G.; Hadi, Aseel A.; Whittaker, E. J. W.; Curioni, Michele; Liu, Zhu

doi:10.1039/c8se00043c

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

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“…[46,48] In this study, apart from the thermal evaporation of Au, we perform all assembly processes of the PSCs in ambient air with a relative humidity of 60-70%, with the use of green antisolvent ethyl acetate, based on the modification of recipes from the previous studies. [34,46] The detailed fabrication process can be found in the Experimental Section. The relative humidity in the air is measured by a calibrated humidity meter, as shown in Figure S7, Supporting Information.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A lower peak annealing temperature on the FTO‐glass than that of the ITO‐glass is probably due to the lower photo‐thermal conversion of FTO‐glass. [ 31,34 ] The defocused laser beam has a circular profile, as shown in Figure S1a, Supporting Information. The spot size of the laser beam is 5 cm in diameter.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[32,33] In addition, the laser scanning process with a small spot size may limit the overall production rate. We have previously developed a pulsed fiber laser process with a spot size of 6.9 cm 2 to anneal the compact and mesoporous TiO 2 films for PSCs in a one-step process by 1 min laser irradiation with a peak temperature of %600 C. [34] However, the process showed a relatively low production rate of 3 cm 2 min À1 (1 cm 2 in 20 s), and the PSCs based on the laser-annealed TiO 2 films showed no improvement on PCE to that of the furnace-annealed samples for 2 h.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Ultrafast and Scalable Laser‐Induced Crystallization of Titanium Dioxide Films for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Chen

Guo

et al. 2020

Solar RRL

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TiO 2 has been recognized as a promising material for a wide range of emerging applications, including hydrogen generation, [1] CO 2 reduction, [2] degradation of organic pollutants, [3] self-cleaning coating, [4] quantum-dot-sensitized solar cells, [5] dyesensitized solar cells (DSSCs), [6] and more recently perovskite solar cells (PSCs). [7,8] Thermal annealing is a critical process involved in the fabrication of TiO 2 films for PSCs. For instance, a compact TiO 2 film that acts as an electron transport layer (ETL) for PSCs usually requires an annealing temperature of over 400 C to induce the crystallization from its amorphous precursor to anatase. [9,10] The fabrication of the mesoporous TiO 2 film for mesoscopic PSCs also needs high-temperature sintering of around 450-550 C to remove organic binders from TiO 2 paste and promote the interconnection between the TiO 2 nanoparticles. [11,12] A typical conventional annealing method is a time-consuming batch process involving the uses of a hotplate, furnace, or oven, for 1-3 h to fabricate these layers, including a long cooling period. [12-14] Such a process makes it challenging to develop high throughput or in-line production of PSCs. Therefore, there is a need to develop an alternative annealing method, enabling the rapid and scalable production of high-quality metal oxide films for PSCs for future commercialization. In addition, conventional annealing methods are commonly limited to below 550 C to avoid glass substrate bending or breakage due to a glass transition temperature of 564 C for substrate based on soda-lime glass. [15] Previous studies have suggested that an annealing temperature beyond 600 C enhances the crystallinity of the TiO 2 films and interconnection between the nanoparticles, which improves the performance of the PSCs and other devices. [13,16-18] To date, several alternative annealing methods have been developed to fabricate TiO 2 ETL for PSCs and DSSCs. For instance, Watson et al. demonstrated the use of an ultrafast near-IR (NIR) heating process to sinter mesoporous TiO 2 film on metal substrates for DSSCs. [19] Sánchez et al. developed a rapid flash IR method to anneal mesoporous TiO 2 film for PSCs with a peak temperature of %640 C and achieved a production rate of 15 cm 2 min À1 (1 cm 2 in 4 s). [11] Kim et al. demonstrated a flame annealing process to anneal the TiO 2 film for PSCs and DSSCs with a peak temperature up to 1000 C and

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Ultrafast and Scalable Laser‐Induced Crystallization of Titanium Dioxide Films for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Chen

Guo

et al. 2020

Solar RRL

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“…The compact and mesoporous TiO 2 layers were produced in the same way as we have previously reported. 36 For the TiO 2 /Al 2 O 3 bilayer mesoporous scaffold-based devices, a home-made Al 2 O 3 paste composed of 1.5 g dispersion of 20 wt% Al 2 O 3 in isopropanol (Sigma-Aldrich, o50 nm) and an organic binder (4 g terpineol and 0.5 g ethyl cellulose mixed in isopropanol) was spin-coated on top of the mesoporous TiO 2 layer at 6000 rpm for 30 s to form a mesoporous Al 2 O 3 layer, followed by drying at 125 1C for 10 min. The substrate was then annealed at 500 1C for 30 min in a muffle furnace.…”

Section: Device Fabricationmentioning

confidence: 99%

A bilayer TiO₂/Al₂O₃ as the mesoporous scaffold for enhanced air stability of ambient-processed perovskite solar cells

Wang

Chen

et al. 2020

Mater. Adv.

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“…As previously reported for DSSC, even the electron transport layers can be treated by means of laser devices. In 2018, a one‐step fiber laser ( λ = 1070 nm) was used to induce the crystallization of the compact TiO 2 and at the same time to form necking of the TiO 2 nanoparticles and remove the organic binders that existed in the TiO 2 mesoporous structures for PSCs and DSSCs . The PSCs and DSSCs with the compact and mesoporous TiO 2 layers formed by the laser process under 1 min laser irradiation show equivalent or better PCE than that of the furnace with 2 h processing time.…”

Section: Laser Processing Applied To Perovskite Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Laser‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

Palma

2019

Solar RRL

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In the last decade, hybrid organic–inorganic perovskite‐based solar cells (PSCs) have shown an impressive rate of growth in performance, reaching power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) comparable with the ones exhibited by crystalline silicon devices. Recently, perovskite‐based solar modules (PSMs) have been developed, showing a similar pace in the progress of the reported PCE. Nevertheless, scaling up the dimensions of devices is not a trivial process. To this effect, different deposition and manufacturing techniques have to be implemented. Laser apparatuses have been demonstrated to be fundamental in the production of PSMs, due to the extreme precision needed for manufacturing processes. Herein, an overview of the recent progresses in the application of laser systems in the production of perovskite‐based solar devices is provided. In particular, lasers are used in small‐area PSCs to realize pulsed laser deposition procedures for the realization of perovskite layers and novel electrodes. In the field of PSMs, lasers have boosted the exploitation of substrates, minimizing the dimension of interconnection areas between the cells that form a module and providing the necessary accuracy, repeatability, and level of automation needed for the future industrialization of perovskite‐based solar technology.

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A one-step laser process for rapid manufacture of mesoscopic perovskite solar cells prepared under high relative humidity

Abstract: A one-step laser process is applied to fabricate mesoporous and compact TiO2 films in 1 min for perovskite solar cells.

Cited by 16 publications

References 50 publications

Ultrafast and Scalable Laser‐Induced Crystallization of Titanium Dioxide Films for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Ultrafast and Scalable Laser‐Induced Crystallization of Titanium Dioxide Films for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

A bilayer TiO₂/Al₂O₃ as the mesoporous scaffold for enhanced air stability of ambient-processed perovskite solar cells

Laser‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

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A one-step laser process for rapid manufacture of mesoscopic perovskite solar cells prepared under high relative humidity

Abstract: A one-step laser process is applied to fabricate mesoporous and compact TiO2 films in 1 min for perovskite solar cells.

Cited by 16 publications

References 50 publications

Ultrafast and Scalable Laser‐Induced Crystallization of Titanium Dioxide Films for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

Ultrafast and Scalable Laser‐Induced Crystallization of Titanium Dioxide Films for Planar Perovskite Solar Cells

A bilayer TiO2/Al2O3 as the mesoporous scaffold for enhanced air stability of ambient-processed perovskite solar cells

Laser‐Processed Perovskite Solar Cells and Modules

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Product

Resources

About

A bilayer TiO₂/Al₂O₃ as the mesoporous scaffold for enhanced air stability of ambient-processed perovskite solar cells