A One Health Comparative Assessment of Antimicrobial Resistance in Generic and Extended-Spectrum Cephalosporin-Resistant Escherichia coli from Beef Production, Sewage and Clinical Settings

Abstract

This study aimed to compare antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant and generic Escherichia coli from a One Health continuum of the beef production system in Alberta, Canada. A total of 705 extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant E. coli (ESCr) were obtained from: cattle feces (CFeces, n = 382), catch basins (CBasins, n = 137), surrounding streams (SStreams, n = 59), beef processing plants (BProcessing, n = 4), municipal sewage (MSewage; n = 98) and human clinical specimens (CHumans, n = 25). Generic isolates (663) included: CFeces (n = 142), CBasins (n = 185), SStreams (n = 81), BProcessing (n = 159) and MSewage (n = 96). All isolates were screened for antimicrobial susceptibility to 9 antimicrobials and two clavulanic acid combinations. In ESCr, oxytetracycline (87.7%), ampicillin (84.4%) and streptomycin (73.8%) resistance phenotypes were the most common, with source influencing AMR prevalence (p < 0.001). In generic E. coli, oxytetracycline (51.1%), streptomycin (22.6%), ampicillin (22.5%) and sulfisoxazole (14.3%) resistance were most common. Overall, 88.8% of ESCr, and 26.7% of generic isolates exhibited multi-drug resistance (MDR). MDR in ESCr was high from all sources: CFeces (97.1%), MSewage (96.9%), CHumans (96%), BProcessing (100%), CBasins (70.5%) and SStreams (61.4%). MDR in generic E. coli was lower with CFeces (45.1%), CBasins (34.6%), SStreams (23.5%), MSewage (13.6%) and BProcessing (10.7%). ESBL phenotypes were confirmed in 24.7% (n = 174) ESCr and 0.6% of generic E. coli. Prevalence of bla genes in ESCr were blaCTXM (30.1%), blaCTXM-1 (21.6%), blaTEM (20%), blaCTXM-9 (7.9%), blaOXA (3.0%), blaCTXM-2 (6.4%), blaSHV (1.4%) and AmpC β-lactamase blaCMY (81.3%). The lower AMR in ESCr from SStreams and BProcessing and higher AMR in CHumans and CFeces likely reflects antimicrobial use in these environments. Although MDR levels were higher in ESCr as compared to generic E. coli, AMR to the same antimicrobials ranked high in both ESCr and generic E. coli sub-populations. This suggests that both sub-populations reflect similar AMR trends and are equally useful for AMR surveillance. Considering that MDR ESCr MSewage isolates were obtained without enrichment, while those from CFeces were obtained with enrichment, MSewage may serve as a hot spot for MDR emergence and dissemination.

Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase-Resistant Determinants among Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae from Beef Cattle in the North West Province, South Africa: A Critical Assessment of Their Possible Public Health Implications

“…Overall, large proportion (87.4%) of CRE isolates harboured ESBL genes. This finding was higher than that of the previous studies, which reported the occurrence of ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae in cattle and food [ 26 , 42 , 43 ]. The blaSHV , blaTEM and blaCTX-M were the most frequently (20.5–33.1%) detected genes.…”

Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamase Production in Escherichia coli Isolated from Cattle Faeces in Owo Metropolis

“…Antibiotic resistance has continued to constitute serious problems not only in human medicine but also in animal husbandry, livestock management, and veterinary medicine [16,17]. The results of this study indicating the presence of ESBL positive (44.0%) E. coli is in agreement with the earlier reports of Adator et al [18] in Canada, Montso et al [19] in South Africa, Ugwu et al…”

Characterization of ESBL-Producing Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae Isolated from Clinical Samples in a Northern Portuguese Hospital: Predominance of CTX-M-15 and High Genetic Diversity

“…During recent years, the emergence and rapid dissemination of Enterobacteriaceae carrying genes encoding Extended Spectrum β-lactamases (ESBL), acquired AmpC β-lactamases (qAmpC), or carbapenemases are considered great concerns [ 6 ]. In particular, ESBLs of CTX-M-type and qAmpC enzymes (especially the CMY-2 type) were increasingly reported worldwide, specifically among clinical isolates from E. coli [ 7 , 8 , 9 ] and K. pneumoniae [ 6 , 10 , 11 , 12 ]. Moreover, recent studies reported ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae isolates among urinary tract infections and invasive infections in patients in Portugal [ 4 , 5 , 9 ], as well as among healthy Portuguese students in Lisbon [ 13 ].…”