A Numerical Study of Undulatory Swimming

Liu, H.; Kawachi, Keiji

doi:10.1006/jcph.1999.6341

Cited by 137 publications

(92 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…To understand the relationship between body shape and body movements on the one hand and the resulting flow patterns and swimming performance on the other hand, we need computational fluid dynamics (CFD) to provide data on propulsive forces (Liu et al, 1996;Liu et al, 1997;Liu and Kawachi, 1999;Carling et al, 1998;Kern and Koumoutsakos, 2006). Several studies varied tail beat frequency to compute wake topology over a range of Strouhal numbers from 0 to 1.3 for carangiform and anguilliform swimmers (Borazjani and Sotiropoulos, 2008;Borazjani and Sotiropoulos, 2009;Borazjani and Sotiropoulos, 2010;Reid et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body dynamics and hydrodynamics of swimming fish larvae: a computational study

Müller

Leeuwen

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYTo understand the mechanics of fish swimming, we need to know the forces exerted by the fluid and how these forces affect the motion of the fish. To this end, we developed a 3-D computational approach that integrates hydrodynamics and body dynamics. This study quantifies the flow around a swimming zebrafish (Danio rerio) larva. We used morphological and kinematics data from actual fish larvae aged 3 and 5days post fertilization as input for a computational model that predicted free-swimming dynamics from prescribed changes in body shape. We simulated cyclic swimming and a spontaneous C-start. A rigorous comparison with 2-D particle image velocimetry and kinematics data revealed that the computational model accurately predicted the motion of the fishʼs centre of mass as well as the spatial and temporal characteristics of the flow. The distribution of pressure and shear forces along the body showed that thrust is mainly produced in the posterior half of the body. We also explored the effect of the body wave amplitude on swimming performance by considering wave amplitudes that were up to 40% larger or smaller than the experimentally observed value. Increasing the body wave amplitude increased forward swimming speed from 7 to 21 body lengths per second, which is consistent with experimental observations. The model also predicted a non-linear increase in propulsive efficiency from 0.22 to 0.32 while the required mechanical power quadrupled. The efficiency increase was only minor for wave amplitudes above the experimental reference value, whereas the cost of transport rose significantly.Supplementary material available online at http://jeb.biologists.org/cgi/content/full/215/22/4015/DC1

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body dynamics and hydrodynamics of swimming fish larvae: a computational study

Müller

Leeuwen

et al. 2012

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…Both solutions were interpolated at the boundary between both grids [30,[39][40][41]. We also interpolated areas of overlap within the bodyfitted grid that occurred when the fish's head and tail came close together.…”

Section: Hydrodynamic and Body Dynamic Solutionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Escape trajectories are deflected when fish larvae intercept their own C-start wake

Müller

Leeuwen

et al. 2014

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Fish larvae may intercept their own wake during sharp turns, which might affect their escape performance. We analysed C-starts of larval zebrafish (Danio rerio, Hamilton, 1822) using a computational fluid dynamics approach that simulates free swimming (swimming trajectory is determined by fluid forces) by coupling hydrodynamics and body dynamics. The simulations show that fish may intercept their own wake when they turn by 100-1808. During stage 1 of a C-start, the fish generates a strong jet at the tail that is shed into the wake. During stage 2, the fish intercepts this wake. Counterfactual simulations showed that wake interception increased the lateral force on the fish and reduced the fish's turning angle by more than 58. Wake interception caused no significant acceleration tangential to the trajectory of the fish and did not affect total power output. While experimental and simulation evidence suggests that fish larvae can either undershoot or intercept but not overshoot their wake, our simulations show that larger fish might be able to avoid intercepting their wake by either under-or overshooting. As intercepting its own wake modifies the fish's escape trajectory, fish should account for this effect when planning their escape route.

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“…Other studies realized in flapping foils and fishes confirmed that the efficiency is maximum in a limited range of frequency. (Triantafyllou, 1995;Liu and Kawachi, 1999;Deng et al, 2005).…”

Section: Influence Of the Amplitude Frequency And Wavelengthmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recent works have shown that undulating fish movement is very efficient compared to rigid bodies (Barret et al, 1999, Liu and Kawachi, 1999, Triantafyllou, 1995 and there are several researchers interested in fish-like underwater and surface ships. For example, Barret et al (1999) constructed a fish-like mechanism and studied it on a laboratory in order to compare the undulating fish movement with a rigid wall movement.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%