A novel ventricular restraint device (ASD) repetitively deliver Salvia miltiorrhiza to epicardium have good curative effects in heart failure management
“… 18 Quinone compounds play a role in the transmission of electrons, 19 as a product of metabolism of organisms, 20 , 21 exhibits a variety of biological activities by promoting or interfering with various biochemical reactions of organisms, 22 and promotes certain biochemical reactions as coenzymes 23 for biological reactions. 22 Or interfere with the action, 24 thus showing a variety of pharmacological effects, such as anti-atherosclerosis, 25 anti-myocardial ischemia, 26 anti-arrhythmia, 27 repair of vascular endothelial cells, 28 improve coronary blood circulation, 29 anti-cardiac hypertrophy, and anti-tumor (as shown in Figure 2 ). Figure 1 The chemical structures of the major lipophilic components (tanshinone-IIA) are shown in A.…”
Salvia miltiorrhiza
: (Danshen) is a significant (traditional Chinese medication) natural remedy, enhancing blood circulation and clear blood stasis. In this view, it is widely used against several heart diseases, eg, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and congenital heart defects. Tanshinone IIA (tan-IIA) is the main fat-soluble component of
Salvia miltiorrhiza
. Modern pharmacological study shows that tan-IIA has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Tan-IIA induces remarkable cardioprotective effects via enhancing angiogenesis which may serve as an effective treatment against cardiovascular diseases (CVD). There is also evidence that tan-IIA has extensive immunomodulatory effects and plays a significant role in the development and function of immune cells. Tan-IIA reduces the production of inflammatory mediators and restores abnormal signaling pathways via regulating the function and activation of immune cells. It can also regulate signal transduction pathways, ie, TLR/NF-κB pathway and MAPKs/NF-κB pathway, thereby tan-IIA has an anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antithrombotic and neuroprotective role. It plays a protective role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders (ie, atherosclerosis, hypertension) and Alzheimer’s disease. It has also been revealed that tan-IIA has an anti-tumor role by killing various tumor cells, inducing differentiation and apoptosis, and has potential activity against carcinoma progression. In the review of this fact, the tan-IIA role in different diseases and its mechanism have been summarized while its clinical applications are also explored to provide a new perspective of
Salvia miltiorrhiza
. An extensive study on the mechanism of action of tan-IIA is of great significance for the effective use of Chinese herbal medicine and the promotion of its status and influence on the world.
“… 18 Quinone compounds play a role in the transmission of electrons, 19 as a product of metabolism of organisms, 20 , 21 exhibits a variety of biological activities by promoting or interfering with various biochemical reactions of organisms, 22 and promotes certain biochemical reactions as coenzymes 23 for biological reactions. 22 Or interfere with the action, 24 thus showing a variety of pharmacological effects, such as anti-atherosclerosis, 25 anti-myocardial ischemia, 26 anti-arrhythmia, 27 repair of vascular endothelial cells, 28 improve coronary blood circulation, 29 anti-cardiac hypertrophy, and anti-tumor (as shown in Figure 2 ). Figure 1 The chemical structures of the major lipophilic components (tanshinone-IIA) are shown in A.…”
Salvia miltiorrhiza
: (Danshen) is a significant (traditional Chinese medication) natural remedy, enhancing blood circulation and clear blood stasis. In this view, it is widely used against several heart diseases, eg, cardiomyopathy, arrhythmia, and congenital heart defects. Tanshinone IIA (tan-IIA) is the main fat-soluble component of
Salvia miltiorrhiza
. Modern pharmacological study shows that tan-IIA has anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activities. Tan-IIA induces remarkable cardioprotective effects via enhancing angiogenesis which may serve as an effective treatment against cardiovascular diseases (CVD). There is also evidence that tan-IIA has extensive immunomodulatory effects and plays a significant role in the development and function of immune cells. Tan-IIA reduces the production of inflammatory mediators and restores abnormal signaling pathways via regulating the function and activation of immune cells. It can also regulate signal transduction pathways, ie, TLR/NF-κB pathway and MAPKs/NF-κB pathway, thereby tan-IIA has an anti-inflammatory, anticoagulant, antithrombotic and neuroprotective role. It plays a protective role in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders (ie, atherosclerosis, hypertension) and Alzheimer’s disease. It has also been revealed that tan-IIA has an anti-tumor role by killing various tumor cells, inducing differentiation and apoptosis, and has potential activity against carcinoma progression. In the review of this fact, the tan-IIA role in different diseases and its mechanism have been summarized while its clinical applications are also explored to provide a new perspective of
Salvia miltiorrhiza
. An extensive study on the mechanism of action of tan-IIA is of great significance for the effective use of Chinese herbal medicine and the promotion of its status and influence on the world.
“…In recent studies, epicardium delivery of BMSCs has been considered a promising method [29,30], which can not only avoid myocardial injury and inflammation caused by intravenous injection. ASD is a kind of device that can deliver the drug or cells into the epicardium improving delivery efficiency [31,32]. Besides, it can provide physical support to prevent ventricular enlargement.…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Moreover, delivering traditional drug Salvia by ASD also showed benefits in reversing ventricular remodeling and improving heart function [31]. The combination of cells and therapeutic substances has become a reliable method.…”
Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) have been considered a promising therapeutic approach to cardiovascular disease. This study intends to compare the effect of BMSCs through a standard active cardiac support device (ASD) and intravenous injection on global myocardial injury induced by isoproterenol. BMSCs were cultured in vitro, and the transplanted cells were labeled with a fluorescent dye CM-Dil. Isoproterenol (ISO) was injected into the rats; two weeks later, the labeled cells were transplanted into ISO-induced heart-injury rats through the tail vein or ASD device for five days. The rats were sacrificed on the first day, the third day, and the fifth day after transplantation to observe the distribution of cells in the myocardium by fluorescence microscopy. The hemodynamic indexes of the left ventricle were measured before sacrificing. H&E staining and Masson’s trichrome staining were used to evaluate the cardiac histopathology. In the ASD groups, after three days of transplantation, there were many BMSCs on the epicardial surface, and after five days of transplantation, BMSCs were widely distributed in the ventricular muscle. But in the intravenous injection group, there were no labeled-BMSCs distributed. In the ASD+BMSCs-three days treated group and ASD+BMSCs -five days-treated group, left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure rise (+dP/dt), the maximum rate of left ventricular pressure decline (-dP/dt) increased compared with model group and intravenous injection group (P<0.05). By giving BMSCs through ASD device, cells can rapidly and widely distribute in the myocardium and significantly improve heart function.
“…Additionally, the authors claim that a pneumatic pump can be attached externally with the ASD tubules and can deliver an adjustable and measurable optimized restraint at the beginning of therapy and as the heart shrinks during active reverse remodeling. Using the ASD, the group has claimed positive cardiac function effects in a rat MI model following repetitive delivery of Salvia miltiorrhiza [31] and bone marrow stem cells [30].…”
The mechanical reinforcement of the ventricular wall after a myocardial infarction has been shown to modulate and attenuate negative remodeling that can lead to heart failure. Strategies include wraps, meshes, cardiac patches, or fluid-filled bladders. Here, we review the literature describing these strategies in the two broad categories of global restraint and local reinforcement. We further subdivide the global restraint category into biventricular and univentricular support. We discuss efforts to optimize devices in each of these categories, particularly in the last five years. These include adding functionality, biomimicry, and adjustability. We also discuss computational models of these strategies, and how they can be used to predict the reduction of stresses in the heart muscle wall. We discuss the range of timing of intervention that has been reported. Finally, we give a perspective on how novel fabrication technologies, imaging techniques, and computational models could potentially enhance these therapeutic strategies.
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