A Novel Vaping Machine Dedicated to Fully Controlling the Generation of E-Cigarette Emissions

Soulet, Sébastien; Pairaud, Charly; Lalo, Hélène

doi:10.3390/ijerph14101225

Cited by 17 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Indeed, LFEL designed its own vaping machine to control all the physical parameters influencing the e-liquid vaporization: power, resistance, flow rate, inhalation time, atomizer, etc. In a previous publication [ 18 ], the performed experiments proved the reproducibility and repeatability of U-SAV in air-flow profile and supplied power generation. The e-liquid consumption reproducibility and repeatability were also checked over experiments using a standardized e-liquid and protocol.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Influence of Coil Power Ranges on the E-Liquid Consumption in Vaping Devices

Soulet

Duquesne

Toutain

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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As electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) represent a new constantly evolving product category, the systematic analysis of the developed devices and the e-liquid vaporization is challenging. Indeed, understanding how e-cigarettes work and the role of key parameters in the process are major issues. This work focuses on an experimental study of how the power supplied by the battery to the atomizer coil influences e-liquid consumption. The reproducibility and the repeatability of e-liquid consumption were investigated over 20 series of 20 puffs for one of the tested atomizers. Then, the reproducibility and the repeatability of the e-liquid consumption was investigated over five series of 20 puffs for each tested atomizer. The wire behavior according to the supplied power could be separated into three regimes: under-heating (insufficient power to generate an aerosol), optimal vaporization characterized by a linear trend (vaporization of the e-liquid proportional to the supplied energy) and over-heating (dry-burn occurs). Using a controllable and repeatable energy supply, the reproducibility of the quantity of vaporized e-liquid was verified for each of the five series of 20 puffs programed for all the atomizers except one. Finally, the influence of the supplied power on the vaporization and the consumption of the e-liquid as well as the optimal power ranges were investigated and discussed. The results showed that atomizers with resistance ranging from 1 Ω to 1.8 Ω are efficient using all the energy supplied by the battery to vaporize the e-liquid and reducing the energy lost in the cotton or in the metal part of atomizer coil.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 67%

Influence of Coil Power Ranges on the E-Liquid Consumption in Vaping Devices

Soulet

Duquesne

Toutain

et al. 2018

IJERPH

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“…Energy delivered from the battery device is transformed to heat needed to increase the temperature of the liquid so that it evaporates. The system eventually reaches to a balance where a specific temperature is maintained and liquid evaporates throughout the puff (Soulet et al, 2017 ). When there is not enough liquid on the coil to maintain that balance, more energy is transformed to heat further increasing the temperature of the coil and increasing the thermal degradation rate of liquid ingredients.…”

Section: Discussion—methodological Considerationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Carbonyl Emissions in E-cigarette Aerosol: A Systematic Review and Methodological Considerations

Farsalinos

Gillman

2018

Front. Physiol.

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Carbonyl emissions from tobacco cigarettes represent a substantial health risk contributing to smoking-related morbidity and mortality. As expected, this is an important research topic for tobacco harm reduction products, in an attempt to compare the relative risk of these products compared to tobacco cigarettes. In this study, a systematic review of the literature available on PubMed was performed analyzing the studies evaluating carbonyl emissions from e-cigarettes. A total of 32 studies were identified and presented. We identified a large diversity of methodologies, with substantial discrepancies in puffing patterns, aerosol collection and analytical methods as well as reported units of measurements. Such discrepancies make comparisons difficult, and in some cases the accuracy of the findings cannot be determined. Importantly, control for the generation of dry puffs was not performed in the vast majority of studies, particularly in studies using variable power devices, which could result in testing conditions and reported carbonyl levels that have no clinical relevance or context. Some studies have been replicated, verifying the presence of dry puff conditions. Whenever realistic use conditions were ensured, carbonyl emissions from e-cigarettes were substantially lower than tobacco cigarette smoke, while newer generation (bottom-coil, cotton wick) atomizers appeared to emit minimal levels of carbonyls with questionable clinical significance in terms of health risk. However, extremely high levels of carbonyl emissions were reported in some studies, and all these studies need to be replicated because of potentially important health implications.

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“…This device’s repeatability was proven in [23]. Indeed, the results showed that with two standardized liquids [24] (having different PG:VG ratios but the same quantities of other added molecules), the MVE over 36 experiments presented a standard deviation inferior to 8%.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 82%

“…So far, e-cigs have always been tested on smoking machines, adapted to vaping products. The vaping machine Universal System for Analysis of Vaping (U-SAV) [23], the first vaping machine especially designed to test e-cigs, was designed to control all the physical parameters influencing e-liquid vaporization: Power, resistance, flow rate, and inhalation time. U-SAV is a practical tool, ensuring the stability of the required power and avoiding power fluctuations due to battery discharges, which could impact on the quality of the regulation (for more details on U-SAV, see [26,27]).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Method of Emission Generation Calibration Based on Reference Liquids Characterization

Soulet

Duquesne

Toutain

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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This work focuses on an experimental study of the influence of e-liquid composition on the mass of vaporized e-liquid after standardized emission generation using a U-SAV (Universal System for Analysis of Vaping) vaping machine. All the experiments were based on the use of a Cubis 1Ω clearomiser and on the standard protocol for electronic cigarettes emission generation. Currently, there is no standardized method available to calibrate the emission generations of electronic cigarettes. Since the e-liquid compositions are not always known, we propose a simple, practical, effective, and fast method of emission generation calibration. Therefore, this paper examines a major issue in this new and constantly evolving field, allowing the validation of the emission generation results. To our knowledge, this method is a novelty in our discipline and could be easily developed in laboratories. Pure propylene-glycol, glycerol, ethanol, and water and their mixtures (20 e-liquids) were tested as reference materials, allowing an e-liquids benchmarking and the characterization of 800 commercial e-liquids (with known and unknown compositions) at a fixed power and for one inhalation profile (3 s puff duration and 55 mL of puff volume). The influence of ethanol and/or water addition in the e-liquid was characterized.

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A Novel Vaping Machine Dedicated to Fully Controlling the Generation of E-Cigarette Emissions

Cited by 17 publications

References 17 publications

Influence of Coil Power Ranges on the E-Liquid Consumption in Vaping Devices

Influence of Coil Power Ranges on the E-Liquid Consumption in Vaping Devices

Carbonyl Emissions in E-cigarette Aerosol: A Systematic Review and Methodological Considerations

Experimental Method of Emission Generation Calibration Based on Reference Liquids Characterization

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